Stacked planar optics: an application of the planar microlens

Kenichi Iga; Masahiro Oikawa; S. Misawa; Junichi Banno; Y. Kokubun

doi:10.1364/AO.21.003456

Applied Optics
Vol. 21,
Issue 19,
pp. 3456-3460
(1982)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.21.003456

Stacked planar optics: an application of the planar microlens

Kenichi Iga, Masahiro Oikawa, S. Misawa, Junichi Banno, and Y. Kokubun

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Kenichi Iga, Masahiro Oikawa, S. Misawa, Junichi Banno, and Y. Kokubun, "Stacked planar optics: an application of the planar microlens," Appl. Opt. 21, 3456-3460 (1982)

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Abstract

In this paper we present a new development of the distributed-index planar microlens of 2.5–3-mm focal length and 0.15 N.A. and also show that it is usable with optical components in fiber communications. We then propose a concept of stacked planar optics consisting of a stack of arrayed planar microlenses and other optical components. From this configuration a 2-D array of optical devices is monolithically available, and many discrete components can be separated from the array. An optical tap array has been fabricated as an example of stacked planar optics.

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		Single lens	Coupled pair
Lens diameter	2a	0.9 mm	0.9 mm
Lens pitch	p	2 mm	2 mm
Depth of distributed index region		0.45mm	0.45mm
Focal length f (in air)		2.9 mm
Focal length 1₀ (in substrate)		4~4.5mm	2.5 mm
Numerical Aperture (in air)		0.15	0.25
NA_a = sinθ_o = n₂ × sinθ_i
Numerical Aperture (in substrate)		0.10	0.17
NA_s = sinθ_i
Index of substrate n₂		1.52	1.52
Normalized index difference		5 %	5 %

Basic components	Application (Reference)
(I) Coaxial imaging	** Coupler 2), 3),
	** Coupler 2), 3),
(II) Non-coaxial imaging components (Transmission-type)	Branching circuit 1), 2), 3) Directional coupler 3) * Star coupler 2) ** Wavelength demultiplexer 1) ,2) ,3)

(III) Non-coaxial imaging components (reflection-type)	Wavelength demultiplexer 2) Optical switch 2),3) ** Optical tap

(IV) Collimating components	** Branching insertion circuit 1), 2), 3) * Optical 2), 3) switch Directional coupler 1), 2), 3) Attenuator 3)

		Single lens	Coupled pair
Lens diameter	2a	0.9 mm	0.9 mm
Lens pitch	p	2 mm	2 mm
Depth of distributed index region		0.45mm	0.45mm
Focal length f (in air)		2.9 mm
Focal length 1₀ (in substrate)		4~4.5mm	2.5 mm
Numerical Aperture (in air)		0.15	0.25
NA_a = sinθ_o = n₂ × sinθ_i
Numerical Aperture (in substrate)		0.10	0.17
NA_s = sinθ_i
Index of substrate n₂		1.52	1.52
Normalized index difference		5 %	5 %

Basic components	Application (Reference)
(I) Coaxial imaging	** Coupler 2), 3),
	** Coupler 2), 3),
(II) Non-coaxial imaging components (Transmission-type)	Branching circuit 1), 2), 3) Directional coupler 3) * Star coupler 2) ** Wavelength demultiplexer 1) ,2) ,3)

(III) Non-coaxial imaging components (reflection-type)	Wavelength demultiplexer 2) Optical switch 2),3) ** Optical tap

(IV) Collimating components	** Branching insertion circuit 1), 2), 3) * Optical 2), 3) switch Directional coupler 1), 2), 3) Attenuator 3)

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Applied Optics