Extinction measurements in diffusing mammalian tissue with heterodyne detection and a titanium:sapphire laser

Gilbert Jarry; Ludovic Poupinet; Jennifer Watson; Thierry Lepine

doi:10.1364/AO.34.002045

Applied Optics
Vol. 34,
Issue 12,
pp. 2045-2054
(1995)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.34.002045

Extinction measurements in diffusing mammalian tissue with heterodyne detection and a titanium:sapphire laser

Gilbert Jarry, Ludovic Poupinet, Jennifer Watson, and Thierry Lepine

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Gilbert Jarry, Ludovic Poupinet, Jennifer Watson, and Thierry Lepine, "Extinction measurements in diffusing mammalian tissue with heterodyne detection and a titanium:sapphire laser," Appl. Opt. 34, 2045-2054 (1995)

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Abstract

Total optical absorption in mammalian tissues is measured in the near infrared by the use of heterodyne detection and a Ti:sapphire laser. Because of the high sensitivity, directivity, and signal-to-noise ratio of the setup, we were able to detect coherent photons after attenuation by more than 9 optical densities. This method allows us to detect unscattered photons that are passing through more than 7 mm of various tissues such as brain, muscle, liver, skin, and fat selectively.

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Parameter	Pig’s Hide	Liver	Red Muscle	Pink Muscle	White Muscle	Gray Matter	White Matter
Number of measurements	24	22	21	14	11	8	7
μ _t (mm⁻¹)	0.96	0.96	1.31	0.89	1.75	3.42	3.14
Standard error (mm⁻¹)	0.14	0.16	0.09	0.09	0.27	0.43	0.75
Correlation coefficient	0.83	0.79	0.96	0.95	0.91	0.95	0.88
Gamma ratio	8.10⁻⁷	2.8 × 10⁻⁶	3.5 × 10⁻⁵	4.7 × 10⁻⁶	1.3 × 10⁻⁴	6.2 × 10⁻³	1.3 × 10⁻⁴

Tissue	Extinction Coefficient (mm⁻¹)	Maximum Thickness (mm)
Tissue	Extinction Coefficient (mm⁻¹)	P = 1 mW, B = 500 Hz, S/N = 100	P = 100 mW, B = 10 Hz, S/N = 100	P = 100 mW, B = 10 Hz, S/N = 1
Pig’s hide	0.96	12	20	25
Liver	0.96	13	22	26
Red muscle	1.31	11	18	21
Pink muscle	0.89	14	24	29
White muscle	1.75	9	14	17
Gray matter	3.42	6	8	10
White matter	3.14	5	8	9

Parameter	Pig’s Hide	Liver	Red Muscle	Pink Muscle	White Muscle	Gray Matter	White Matter
Number of measurements	24	22	21	14	11	8	7
μ _t (mm⁻¹)	0.96	0.96	1.31	0.89	1.75	3.42	3.14
Standard error (mm⁻¹)	0.14	0.16	0.09	0.09	0.27	0.43	0.75
Correlation coefficient	0.83	0.79	0.96	0.95	0.91	0.95	0.88
Gamma ratio	8.10⁻⁷	2.8 × 10⁻⁶	3.5 × 10⁻⁵	4.7 × 10⁻⁶	1.3 × 10⁻⁴	6.2 × 10⁻³	1.3 × 10⁻⁴

Tissue	Extinction Coefficient (mm⁻¹)	Maximum Thickness (mm)
Tissue	Extinction Coefficient (mm⁻¹)	P = 1 mW, B = 500 Hz, S/N = 100	P = 100 mW, B = 10 Hz, S/N = 100	P = 100 mW, B = 10 Hz, S/N = 1
Pig’s hide	0.96	12	20	25
Liver	0.96	13	22	26
Red muscle	1.31	11	18	21
Pink muscle	0.89	14	24	29
White muscle	1.75	9	14	17
Gray matter	3.42	6	8	10
White matter	3.14	5	8	9

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Applied Optics