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Oblique-incidence reflectivity difference microscope for label-free high-throughput detection of biochemical reactions in a microarray format

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Abstract

We describe a recently developed oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OI-RD) microscope, a form of polarization-modulated imaging ellipsometer, for label-free–high-throughput detection of biomolecular reactions on DNA and protein microarrays. We present examples of application of this technique to end-point and real-time investigations of DNA–DNA hybridization, antibody–antigen capture, and protein–small-molecule binding reactions. Compared to a conventional imaging ellipsometer based on the polarizer–compensator–sample–analyzer scheme and under the off-null condition, a polarization-modulated OI-RD microscope is inherently more sensitive by at least 1 order of magnitude to thickness changes on a solid surface. Compared with imaging surface plasmon resonance microscopes based on reflectance change on falling or rising slopes of the surface plasmon resonance, the OI-RD microscope (1) has a comparable sensitivity, (2) is applicable to conventional microscope glass slides, and (3) easily covers a field of view as large as the entire surface of a 1  in .×3  in . (2.54cm×7.62cm) microscope slide.

© 2007 Optical Society of America

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