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Range-resolved optical detection of honeybees by use of wing-beat modulation of scattered light for locating land mines

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Abstract

An imaging lidar instrument with the capability of measuring the frequency response of a backscattered return signal up to 3.6kHz is demonstrated. The instrument uses a commercial microchip frequency-doubled pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a 7.2kHz pulse repetition rate, a pulse duration of less than 1 ns, and a pulse energy of greater than 10μJ. A 15.2cm commercial telescope is used to collect the backscattered signal, and a photomultiplier tube is used to monitor the scattered light. This instrument is designed for range- and angle-resolved optical detection of honeybees for explosives and land-mine detection. The instrument is capable of distinguishing between the scattered light from honeybees and other sources through the frequency content of the return signal caused by the wing-beat modulation of the backscattered light. Detection of honeybees near a bee hive and spatial mapping of honeybee densities near feeders are demonstrated.

© 2007 Optical Society of America

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