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Correct equations and common approximations for calculating Rayleigh scatter in pure gases and mixtures and evaluation of differences

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Abstract

Equations for Rayleigh scattering in a mixture of gases are derived and compared to frequent approxi mations in the literature. The traditional Rayleigh scattering equation as modified by King for scatter from a pure gas is correct, whereas another version sometimes appearing in modern literature is erroneous. Use of a mixture’s refractive index, which is equivalent to assuming the isotropic molecular polarizabilities of the component gases are identical, is an approximation. Another common approximation is using only number-density weighting of the King factors. Approximation errors can be large when the major components of a mixture have disparate optical properties. Fortunately, the errors for Earth’s air are much smaller and comparable to errors from other sources.

© 2010 Optical Society of America

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