Simulation and control of narcissus phenomenon using nonsequential ray tracing. II. Line-scan camera in 7-11 <i>μ</i>m waveband

M. Nadeem Akram

doi:10.1364/AO.49.001185

Applied Optics
Vol. 49,
Issue 8,
pp. 1185-1195
(2010)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.49.001185

Simulation and control of narcissus phenomenon using nonsequential ray tracing. II. Line-scan camera in $7 - 11 μm$ waveband

M. Nadeem Akram

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M. Nadeem Akram, "Simulation and control of narcissus phenomenon using nonsequential ray tracing. II. Line-scan camera in 7-11 μm waveband," Appl. Opt. 49, 1185-1195 (2010)

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Abstract

A nonsequential ray tracing technique is used to calculate the narcissus signature in infrared (IR) imaging cameras having cooled detectors operating in the $7 - 11 μm$ waveband. Imaging cameras based on a one-dimensional linear detector array with a scan mirror are simulated. Circularly symmetric diffractive phase surfaces commonly used in modern IR cameras are modeled including multiple diffraction orders in the narcissus retroreflection path to correctly estimate the stray light return signal. An optical design example based on a step-zoom dual field of view optical system is discussed along with the performance curves to elaborate the modeling technique. Optical methods to minimize the narcissus return signal are explained, and modeling results presented. The nonsequential ray tracing technique is found to be an effective method to accurately calculate the narcissus return signal in complex IR cameras having diffractive surfaces.

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Entrance pupil diameter	$11 mm$
Cold-shield diameter	$7.5 mm$
Cold shield F#	2.75
Optics focal length	$30 mm$
Full vertical field of view	$22.6 °$
Linear detector array	480 pixels
Detector array vertical dimensions	$12 mm$
Detector pixel pitch	$25 μm \times 25 μm$

Entrance pupil diameter NFOV	$150 mm$
Entrance pupil diameter WFOV	$40 mm$
Magnification NFOV	$13.6 \times$
Magnification WFOV	$3.63 \times$
Exit pupil diameter	$11 mm$
Aspect ratio	$16 ∶ 9$
Scan mirror rotation	$\pm 10 °$
Field of view scanner space	$22.6 °$ (vertical)
	$40.18 °$ (horizontal)

No.	Type	Comment	Radius	Thickness	Glass	Conic
0	STANDARD		-	∞
1	STANDARD	Objective	$169.937 mm$	$10.8 mm$	Germanium
2	STANDARD		209.77	153.868
3	STANDARD	Zoom group 1^a	57.206	5	Germanium
4	STANDARD		53.434	7.272
5	STANDARD	Zoom group 2	$- 324.88$	5.00	Germanium
6	STANDARD		207.46	14.727
7	BINARY 2	Fixed lens	100.08	8.00	Germanium	$- 1.167931$
8	STANDARD		281.31	86.18
9	STANDARD	Eyepiece 1	$- 17.939$	7.0	Germanium
10	STANDARD		$- 23.087$	0
11	BINARY 2	Eyepiece 2	45.165	7.0	Germanium	$- 0.929744$
12	STANDARD		110.966	20
13	STANDARD	Scan mirror	-	35.0
14	BINARY 2	Reimager 1	35.81	6.0	Germanium	$- 0.519184$
15	STANDARD		60.612	6.03
16	STANDARD	Reimager 2	26.761	5.0	Germanium
17	STANDARD		20.105	58.368
18	BINARY 2	Reimager 3	42.2	5.0	Germanium	$- 1.976791$
19	STANDARD		189.064	3.39
20	STANDARD	Reimager 4	19.226	4.47	Germanium
21	STANDARD		13.597	7.039
22	STANDARD	Seal window	∞	2.50	Germanium
23	STANDARD		∞	3.00
24	STANDARD	Cold shield	∞	19.775
25	STANDARD	Cold filter	∞	0.3	Germanium
26	STANDARD		∞	0.00
27	STANDARD	Image plane	∞	-
		Norm. radius	$d_{2}$	$d_{4}$	$d_{6}$
7	BINARY 2	$100 mm$	$- 391.17$	762.73	$- 6998.12$
11	BINARY 2	100	$- 1501.422$	3162.38	$- 4151.395$
14	BINARY 2	100	$- 442.242$	2589.337	$- 4.386 E + 4$
18	BINARY 2	100	$- 736.255$	$2.016 E + 4$	$- 6.692 E + 5$

NFOV (HFOV) (VFOV)	0	$+ 0.5$	$+ 1.0$
0.0	0.061	0.062	0.065
$+ 0.5$	0.061	0.062	0.068
$+ 1.0$	0.057	0.057	0.08
WFOV (HFOV) (VFOV)	0	$+ 0.5$	$+ 1.0$
0.0	0.056	0.055	0.054
$+ 0.5$	0.053	0.053	0.053
$+ 1.0$	0.047	0.047	0.053

Surface	NFOV		WFOV		Comments
Surface	yni	$i / i^{'}$	yni	$i / i^{'}$	Comments
1.00	34.61	96.20	2.5	2.93	Objective
2.00	2.79	2.08	0.2	0.2
3.00	3.37	1.92	1.54	2.5	Zoom group
4.00	2.44	1.28	1.34	1.91
5.00	$- 8.26$	15.75	$- 1.28$	0.85
6.00	5.42	3.49	2.23	3.9
7.00	9.07	4.24	9.07	4.24	Fix lens
8.00	$- 4.86$	8.23	$- 4.86$	8.23
9.00	0.34	0.48	0.34	0.48	Eyepiece
10.00	$- 0.02$	0.02	$- 0.02$	0.02
11.00	1.85	2.77	1.85	2.77
12.00	0.28	0.30	0.28	0.30
14.00	0.93	0.37	0.93	0.37	Reimager
15.00	$- 0.68$	4.03	$- 0.68$	4.03
16.00	$- 0.30$	0.53	$- 0.30$	0.53
17.00	$- 0.17$	0.23	$- 0.17$	0.23
18.00	3.67	2.68	3.67	2.68
19.00	$- 2.16$	0.88	$- 2.16$	0.88
20.00	0.58	0.75	0.58	0.75
21.00	1.35	3.66	1.35	3.66
22.00	$- 0.82$	0.64	$- 0.82$	0.64	Seal window
23.00	$- 0.80$	0.64	$- 0.80$	0.64

	$m^{'} = 1$	$m^{'} = 2$	$m^{'} = 3$	$m^{'} = 4$	$m^{'} = 5$
$λ = 7.7 μm$	0.0015	0.0056	0.9779	0.0079	0.0018
$λ = 8.9 μm$	0.0274	0.1710	0.6839	0.0427	0.0140
$λ = 10.3 μm$	0.0397	0.7303	0.1396	0.0235	0.0093

Surface	NFOV		WFOV		Comments
Surface	yni	$i / i^{'}$	yni	$i / i^{'}$	Comments
1.00	33.6	29.73	2.42	3.44	Objective
2.00	3.53	2.54	0.25	0.26
3.00	6.61	3.21	2.22	5.2	Zoom group
4.00	5.01	2.55	1.89	3.35
5.00	$- 7.97$	36.64	$- 1.21$	0.82
6.00	5.59	3.05	2.23	3.47
7.00	10.05	3.74	10.05	3.74	Fix lens
8.00	$- 1.87$	2.12	$- 1.87$	2.12
9.00	1.13	4.09	1.13	4.09	Eyepiece
10.00	1.05	2.87	1.05	2.87
11.00	3.33	2.59	3.33	2.59
12.00	1.08	2.84	1.08	2.84
13.00	2.1	6.39	2.1	6.39
14.00	1.68	53.24	1.68	53.24
16.00	0.96	0.41	0.96	0.41	Reimager
17.00	$- 0.80$	6.72	$- 0.80$	6.72
18.00	$- 0.35$	0.59	$- 0.35$	0.59
19.00	$- 0.16$	0.19	$- 0.16$	0.19
20.00	3.75	2.62	3.75	2.62
21.00	$- 2.22$	0.88	$- 2.22$	0.88
22.00	0.56	0.72	0.56	0.72
23.00	1.35	3.69	1.35	3.69
24.00	$- 0.82$	0.63	$- 0.82$	0.63	Seal windows
25.00	$- 0.80$	0.64	$- 0.80$	0.64

Surface	NFOV		WFOV		Comments
Surface	yni	$i / i^{'}$	yni	$i / i^{'}$	Comments
1.00	33.6	29.73	2.42	3.44	Objective
2.00	3.53	2.54	0.25	0.26
3.00	6.61	3.21	2.22	5.2	Zoom group
4.00	5.01	2.55	1.89	3.35
5.00	$- 7.97$	36.64	$- 1.21$	0.82
6.00	5.59	3.05	2.23	3.47
7.00	10.05	3.74	10.05	3.74	Fix lens
8.00	$- 1.87$	2.12	$- 1.87$	2.12
9.00	1.13	4.09	1.13	4.09	Eyepiece
10.00	1.05	2.87	1.05	2.87
11.00	3.33	2.59	3.33	2.59
12.00	1.08	2.84	1.08	2.84
13.00	2.1	6.39	2.1	6.39
14.00	1.68	53.24	1.68	53.24
16.00	0.96	0.41	0.96	0.41	Reimager
17.00	$- 0.80$	6.72	$- 0.80$	6.72
18.00	$- 0.35$	0.59	$- 0.35$	0.59
19.00	$- 0.16$	0.19	$- 0.16$	0.19
20.00	3.75	2.62	3.75	2.62
21.00	$- 2.22$	0.88	$- 2.22$	0.88
22.00	0.56	0.72	0.56	0.72
23.00	1.35	3.69	1.35	3.69
24.00	$- 0.82$	0.63	$- 0.82$	0.63	Seal windows
25.00	$- 0.80$	0.64	$- 0.80$	0.64

Abstract

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Equations (1)

Applied Optics