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Optica Publishing Group
  • Journal of Lightwave Technology
  • Vol. 23,
  • Issue 2,
  • pp. 876-
  • (2005)

Analytical Design of X-Couplers

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Abstract

Symmetric X-couplers are analyzed using the supermode approach. Constraints for lossless propagation are presented. A simple analytic approximation for the total accumulated phase difference of the supermodes is found that enables the calculation of the coupling ratio of arbitrary symmetric X-couplers. Good agreement is found between results obtained with the proposed method and data calculated using a beam-propagation method. The impact of several design parameters on the coupling ratio is discussed. Due to the simplicity of the structure, X-couplers are well suited for being realized by direct light-writing techniques.

© 2005 IEEE

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