Stigmatic Plane Grating Spectrograph with Order Sorter

Richard F. Jarrell

doi:10.1364/JOSA.45.000259

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 45,
Issue 4,
pp. 259-269
(1955)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.45.000259

Stigmatic Plane Grating Spectrograph with Order Sorter

Richard F. Jarrell

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Richard F. Jarrell, "Stigmatic Plane Grating Spectrograph with Order Sorter," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 45, 259-269 (1955)

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Abstract

A new plane-grating spectrograph has been developed to give in a compact mounting a stigmatic image, a nearly flat focal curve, and resolving powers greater than 300 000 at dispersions up to 0.2 A/mm. The performance of the instrument in the low orders is at least as good as that of a Wadsworth concave grating spectrograph of the same focal length. However, the upper wavelength limit is increased to 40 000 A or even 60 000 A, in the first order of a 7500-line/inch grating. At such settings the many overlapping orders are separated by an “order sorter,” a prism predispersor crossed with the grating dispersion. This makes it possible to obtain in a single exposure on 30 in. of plate the continuous wavelength range 2140 A to 6340 A at dispersions ranging from 0.44 A/mm to 1.1 A/mm.

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Wavelength range in A (20-in. plateholder)	Order number with gratings of designated lines/inch			Dispersion in A/mm	Theoretical resolution	Wavelength range in A (30-in. plateholder and grating of 7500 lines/inch)
Wavelength range in A (20-in. plateholder)	7500	15 000	30 000	Dispersion in A/mm	Theoretical resolution
2190–2410	18	9		0.44	725 000	2140–2460
2320–2550	17			0.47	685 000	2260–2600
2470–2710	16	8	4	0.50	645 000	2410–2770
2630–2890	15			0.53	600 000	2570–2950
2820–3100	14	7		0.56	560 000	2750–3160
3040–3340	13			0.61	520 000	2960–3410
3290–3620	12	6	3	0.66	480 000	3210–3695
3590–3950	11			0.72	440 000	3500–4020
3950–4340	10	5		0.79	400 000	3855–4435
4390–4830	9			0.88	360 000	4280–4920
4930–5430	8	4	2	0.99	320 000	4810–5540
5640–6200	7			1.1	280 000	5500–6340
6580–7240	6	3		1.3	240 000	6420–7380

Dispersion designation	Grating setting	Ruling lines/inch	Spacing between orders	Wavelength range in A	Order	Dispersion in A/mm	Typical applications
Normal	5.8°	15 000	⋯	2150–4650	1	5.0	Nonferrous alloys. Low alloy steels. Biological materials. All normal analyses.
Low intermediate	9.7°	7500	5 mm	2250–3500	4	2.5	Alloy steels.
				3000–4667	3^a	3.3
			2 mm^b	4500–7000	2	5.0
Intermediate	18.3°	7500	2 mm	2091–2639	9	1.1	High-temperature alloys, rare earths.
				2353–2960	8	1.2
				2689–3383	7	1.4
				3137–3947	6	1.6
				3764–4736	5	1.9
				4705–5920	4	2.4
				6273–7893	3	3.2
High	37.6°	7500	1 mm				Rare earths, uranium, or lighter elements examined in a hollow cathode or high frequency electrodeless discharge.
			1.5 mm^c		See Table I
						(5.90 1st)
Ultra high	50°–70°	7500	0.7 mm	2125–2245	25	0.24	Uranium or isotope analysis.
	(Data shown is for 54.1°)			2214–2339	24	0.25
			1 mm^c	2310–2441	23	0.26
				2415–2552	22	0.27
				2530–2673	21	0.28
				2657–2807	20	0.30
				2796–2954	19	0.31
				2952–3119	18	0.33
				3125–3302	17	0.35
				3321–3508	16	0.37
				3542–3742	15	0.39
				3795–4009	14	0.42
				4087–4318	13	0.46
				4428–4678	12	0.50
				4830–5103	11	0.54
				5313–5613	10	0.59
				5903–6237	9	0.66
				6641–7017	8	0.74

Wavelength range in A (20-in. plateholder)	Order number with gratings of designated lines/inch			Dispersion in A/mm	Theoretical resolution	Wavelength range in A (30-in. plateholder and grating of 7500 lines/inch)
Wavelength range in A (20-in. plateholder)	7500	15 000	30 000	Dispersion in A/mm	Theoretical resolution
2190–2410	18	9		0.44	725 000	2140–2460
2320–2550	17			0.47	685 000	2260–2600
2470–2710	16	8	4	0.50	645 000	2410–2770
2630–2890	15			0.53	600 000	2570–2950
2820–3100	14	7		0.56	560 000	2750–3160
3040–3340	13			0.61	520 000	2960–3410
3290–3620	12	6	3	0.66	480 000	3210–3695
3590–3950	11			0.72	440 000	3500–4020
3950–4340	10	5		0.79	400 000	3855–4435
4390–4830	9			0.88	360 000	4280–4920
4930–5430	8	4	2	0.99	320 000	4810–5540
5640–6200	7			1.1	280 000	5500–6340
6580–7240	6	3		1.3	240 000	6420–7380

Dispersion designation	Grating setting	Ruling lines/inch	Spacing between orders	Wavelength range in A	Order	Dispersion in A/mm	Typical applications
Normal	5.8°	15 000	⋯	2150–4650	1	5.0	Nonferrous alloys. Low alloy steels. Biological materials. All normal analyses.
Low intermediate	9.7°	7500	5 mm	2250–3500	4	2.5	Alloy steels.
				3000–4667	3^a	3.3
			2 mm^b	4500–7000	2	5.0
Intermediate	18.3°	7500	2 mm	2091–2639	9	1.1	High-temperature alloys, rare earths.
				2353–2960	8	1.2
				2689–3383	7	1.4
				3137–3947	6	1.6
				3764–4736	5	1.9
				4705–5920	4	2.4
				6273–7893	3	3.2
High	37.6°	7500	1 mm				Rare earths, uranium, or lighter elements examined in a hollow cathode or high frequency electrodeless discharge.
			1.5 mm^c		See Table I
						(5.90 1st)
Ultra high	50°–70°	7500	0.7 mm	2125–2245	25	0.24	Uranium or isotope analysis.
	(Data shown is for 54.1°)			2214–2339	24	0.25
			1 mm^c	2310–2441	23	0.26
				2415–2552	22	0.27
				2530–2673	21	0.28
				2657–2807	20	0.30
				2796–2954	19	0.31
				2952–3119	18	0.33
				3125–3302	17	0.35
				3321–3508	16	0.37
				3542–3742	15	0.39
				3795–4009	14	0.42
				4087–4318	13	0.46
				4428–4678	12	0.50
				4830–5103	11	0.54
				5313–5613	10	0.59
				5903–6237	9	0.66
				6641–7017	8	0.74

Abstract

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Figures (11)

Tables (2)

Equations (3)

Journal of the Optical Society of America