Microwave Modulation of Light Using the Kerr Effect*

D. F. Holshouser; H. Von Foerster; G. L. Clark

doi:10.1364/JOSA.51.001360

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 51,
Issue 12,
pp. 1360-1365
(1961)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.51.001360

Microwave Modulation of Light Using the Kerr Effect

D. F. Holshouser, H. Von Foerster, and G. L. Clark

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D. F. Holshouser, H. Von Foerster, and G. L. Clark, "Microwave Modulation of Light Using the Kerr Effect*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 51, 1360-1365 (1961)

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Abstract

Modulation of light at 3 and 6 kMc is achieved by applying a superimposed electrostatic and microwave field to a carbon-disulfide Kerr-cell which is incorporated within the high-electric-field region of a resonant cavity. The development of this light shutter requires the analysis of the Kerr effect under circumstances in which the transit time of light is appreciable. A Kerr cell whose length is such that the transit time of light is one-half the period of the modulating microwave field proves to have particular advantages over other designs. The light shutter is realized with a re-entrant microwave cavity with provision for the application of electrostatic as well as microwave fields. At about 26-kv dc and 10-kw pulsed 3-kMc ac power, the system modulates a light beam of several milliwatts radiant power up to 80%.

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Cell length		Static field	Microwave field	Static double refraction	Range of transmittance	Frequency ratio
L/λ_m	Φ Radians	E₀	E₁	δ₀/π	Δη	ω_m/ω_p
$\frac{1}{4}$	$\frac{1}{2} π$	0	E_M	$m + \frac{1}{2}$	sinγ	$\frac{1}{2}$
				2m	sin²γ	$\frac{1}{4}$
$\frac{1}{2}$	π	E_M/2	E_M/2	$m + \frac{1}{2}$	sinγ	1
				2m	sin²γ	$\frac{1}{2}$

		Relative photomultiplier output with
Relative mirror position (cm)	No. fields I_∞	dc field only I₁₀	combined fields I₁₁	$\bar{η} = \frac{I_{11} - I_{10}}{I_{06}}$	$\bar{η} *$
0	132	37	64	0.20	0.25
0.54	132	37	61	0.19	0.23
1.09	114	32	46	0.13	0.15
1.63	97	27	32	0.05	0.06
2.18	94	26	26	0.01	0.01
2.72	90	25	27	0.02	0.02
3.27	90	25	31	0.07	0.08
3.81	92	26	41	0.17	0.18
4.36	90	25	46	0.24	0.25
4.90	89	25	51	0.29	0.30
5.45	86	24	47	0.27	0.26
6.00	88	24	42	0.20	0.19
6.54	88	24	33	0.10	0.09
7.09	91	25	27	0.02	0.02
7.63	89	25	26	0.02	0.01
8.18	90	25	32	0.08	0.07
8.72	89	25	40	0.18	0.14
9.27	90	25	50	0.28	0.22
9.82	94	26	60	0.36	0.28
10.35	93	26	58	0.35	0.25
10.90	91	25	52	0.30	0.21

Cell length		Static field	Microwave field	Static double refraction	Range of transmittance	Frequency ratio
L/λ_m	Φ Radians	E₀	E₁	δ₀/π	Δη	ω_m/ω_p
$\frac{1}{4}$	$\frac{1}{2} π$	0	E_M	$m + \frac{1}{2}$	sinγ	$\frac{1}{2}$
				2m	sin²γ	$\frac{1}{4}$
$\frac{1}{2}$	π	E_M/2	E_M/2	$m + \frac{1}{2}$	sinγ	1
				2m	sin²γ	$\frac{1}{2}$

		Relative photomultiplier output with
Relative mirror position (cm)	No. fields I_∞	dc field only I₁₀	combined fields I₁₁	$\bar{η} = \frac{I_{11} - I_{10}}{I_{06}}$	$\bar{η} *$
0	132	37	64	0.20	0.25
0.54	132	37	61	0.19	0.23
1.09	114	32	46	0.13	0.15
1.63	97	27	32	0.05	0.06
2.18	94	26	26	0.01	0.01
2.72	90	25	27	0.02	0.02
3.27	90	25	31	0.07	0.08
3.81	92	26	41	0.17	0.18
4.36	90	25	46	0.24	0.25
4.90	89	25	51	0.29	0.30
5.45	86	24	47	0.27	0.26
6.00	88	24	42	0.20	0.19
6.54	88	24	33	0.10	0.09
7.09	91	25	27	0.02	0.02
7.63	89	25	26	0.02	0.01
8.18	90	25	32	0.08	0.07
8.72	89	25	40	0.18	0.14
9.27	90	25	50	0.28	0.22
9.82	94	26	60	0.36	0.28
10.35	93	26	58	0.35	0.25
10.90	91	25	52	0.30	0.21

Abstract

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Tables (2)

Equations (28)

Journal of the Optical Society of America