Proposed Standard Wavelengths in the Vacuum Ultraviolet. Spectra of Ge, Ne, C, Hg, and N†

P. G. Wilkinson; K. L. Andrew

doi:10.1364/JOSA.53.000710

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 53,
Issue 6,
pp. 710-717
(1963)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.53.000710

Proposed Standard Wavelengths in the Vacuum Ultraviolet. Spectra of Ge, Ne, C, Hg, and N

P. G. Wilkinson and K. L. Andrew

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P. G. Wilkinson and K. L. Andrew, "Proposed Standard Wavelengths in the Vacuum Ultraviolet. Spectra of Ge, Ne, C, Hg, and N†," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53, 710-717 (1963)

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Abstract

The spectrum emitted from a germanium hollow-cathode discharge was photographed at high dispersion in the third order of a 21-ft concave grating spectrograph. Emission lines of Ge II, Ne II, Hg I, Hg II, C I, and N I were measured against Ge I Ritz standards in the regions 1550–2041 Å and 2325–3060 Å. The Ge I Ritz standards were investigated as to their suitability, and it was found that 56 lines in the region 1650–2041 Å may be used with confidence to ±0.0004 Å. Fifty-eight interpolated lines of Ne, Hg, C, N, and Ge may be used as auxiliary standards to ±0.001 Å in the region 1550–2041 Å. The interpolated measurements in the region 2325–3030 Å provide 74 lines with a standard error of ±0.002 Å which also may be useful. The present investigation of the Ge ii spectrum has provided revised energies for 15 levels. From these levels and 12 additional levels from the recent work of Kaufman and Andrew, the wavelengths of 22 lines in the region 837–1602 Å have been calculated with an estimated uncertainty of ±0.0004 to ±0.0018 Å.

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Exposure		Wavelength (Å)
1		1849.4988
2		1849.4993
3		1849.4997
4		1849.4995
5		1849.4995
6		1849.4995
7		1849.4992
7^a		1849.4993
	Average:	1849.4994 ± 0.0002 Å
		54068.683 ± 0.006 cm⁻¹

Intensity	Average wavelength from grating measurements (Å) (air)	Wavenumber (cm⁻¹) (vacuum)	Estimated uncertainty (cm⁻¹)	Combination
200	2853.967	35 028.66	0.02	$4 d^{2} D_{2 \frac{1}{2}} - 6 f^{2} {F_{3 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0}$
140	2839.676	35 204.93	0.02	$4 d^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}} - 6 f^{2} {F_{2 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0}$
144	2834.279	35 271.97	0.02	$5 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 8 s^{2} S_{\frac{1}{2}}$
151	2805.670	35 631.62	0.02	$5 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 8 s^{2} S_{\frac{1}{2}}$
177	2730.584	36 611.37	0.03	$5 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 7 d^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$
200	2729.771	36 622.27	0.03	$5 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 7 d^{2} D_{2 \frac{1}{2}}$
190	2704.025	36 970.94	0.03	$5 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 7 d^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$
35	2553.080	39 156.63	0.03	$5 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 9 s^{2} S_{\frac{1}{2}}$
15	2529.834	39 516.40	0.03	$5 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 9 s^{2} S_{\frac{1}{2}}$
120	2500.525	39 979.55	0.03	$5 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 8 d^{2} D_{2 \frac{1}{2}}$
	2500.948^a	39 972.78^a		$5 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 8 d^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$
78	2478.646	40 332.42	0.03	$5 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 8 d^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$
168	2007.038₇ (vacuum)	49 808.53	0.02	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 4 p^{2} P_{\frac{1}{2}}$
132	1979.274₆	50 523.56	0.03	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 4 p^{2}^{4} P_{\frac{1}{2}}$
28	1966.316₂	50 856.52	0.03	$4 p^{2}^{2} D_{2 \frac{1}{2}} - 6 f {F_{2 \frac{1}{2}, 3 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0}$
12	1959.781₁	51 026.11	0.03	$4 p^{2}^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}} - 6 f {F_{2 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0}$
180	1938.890₄	51 575.89	0.03	$4 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 4 p^{2}^{4} P_{\frac{1}{2}}$
170	1938.007₄	51 599.39	0.03	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 4 p^{2}^{4} P_{2 \frac{1}{2}}$
151	1845.386₆	54 189.19	0.03	$4 p^{2}^{2} D_{2 \frac{1}{2}} - 7 f^{2} {F_{2 \frac{1}{2}, 3 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0}$
127	1839.631₄	54 358.72	0.03	$4 p^{2}^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}} - 7 f^{2} {F_{2 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0}$
39	1774.704₂	56 347.42	0.03	$4 p^{2}^{2} D_{2 \frac{1}{2}} - 8 f^{2} {F_{2 \frac{1}{2}, 3 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0}$
500	1649.192₀	60 635.75	0.04	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 5 s^{2} S_{\frac{1}{2}}$
150	1602.484₁^b	62 403.11	0.04	$4 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 5 s^{2} S_{\frac{1}{2}}$
100	1581.068₀^b^,^c	63 248.39	0.04	$4 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 4 p^{2}^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$
200	1576.852₀^b	63 417.49	0.04	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 4 p^{2}^{2} D_{2 \frac{1}{2}}$

Designation	J	Levels (cm⁻¹)	Estimated uncertainty^a (cm⁻¹)	Interval (cm⁻¹)
4p²P⁰	$\frac{1}{2}$	0.00	0.00	1767.36
	$1 \frac{1}{2}$	1767.36^a	0.03	1767.36
4p^{2 4}P	$\frac{1}{2}$	51 575.89^b	0.03	715.03
	$1 \frac{1}{2}$	52 290.92^b	0.06	1075.83
	$2 \frac{1}{2}$	53 366.75^b	0.06	1075.83
5s²S	$\frac{1}{2}$	62 403.11^b	0.04
4p^{2 2}D	$1 \frac{1}{2}$	65 015.75^c	0.04	169.07
	$2 \frac{1}{2}$	65 184.82^c	0.04	169.07
5p²P⁰	$\frac{1}{2}$	79 006.94^c	0.04	359.64
	$1 \frac{1}{2}$	79 366.58^c	0.04	359.64
4d²D	$1 \frac{1}{2}$	80 836.95^c	0.06	175.73
	$2 \frac{1}{2}$	81 012.68^c	0.05	175.73
6s²S	$\frac{1}{2}$	94 784.46^c	0.04
5d²D	$1 \frac{1}{2}$	100 090.05^c	0.04	40.84
	$2 \frac{1}{2}$	100 130.89^c	0.04	40.84
4f²F⁰	$3 \frac{1}{2}$	100 317.37^c	0.05	−0.68
	$2 \frac{1}{2}$	100 318.04^c	0.06	−0.68
8s²S	$\frac{1}{2}$	114 638.56^b	0.06
7d²D	$1 \frac{1}{2}$	115 977.91^b	0.07	10.94
	$2 \frac{1}{2}$	115 988.85^b	0.07	10.94
6f²F⁰	$3 \frac{1}{2}$	116 041.31^c	0.05	−0.56
	$2 \frac{1}{2}$	116 041.87^b	0.08	−0.56
9s²S	$\frac{1}{2}$	118 523.27^b	0.07
8d²D	$1 \frac{1}{2}$	119 339.36^b	0.07	6.77
	$2 \frac{1}{2}$	119 346.13^b	0.07	6.77
7f²F⁰	$3 \frac{1}{2}$	119 374.01^b	0.08	−0.46
	$2 \frac{1}{2}$	119 374.47^b	0.07	−0.46
8f²F⁰	$3 \frac{1}{2}$	121 532.24^b	0.08

Intensity	Wave-length (Å)	Estimated uncertainty (mÅ)	Wavenumber (cm⁻¹)	Estimated uncertainty (cm⁻¹)	Combination
20^a	1966.317	4.	50 856.49	0.09	$4 p^{2}^{2} D_{2 \frac{1}{2}} - 6 f^{2} {F_{3 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0}$
15^b	1602.4841	1.0	62 403.11	0.04	$4 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 5 s^{2} S_{\frac{1}{2}}$
75^a	1581.0679	1.8	63 248.39	0.07	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 4 p^{2}^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$
500^a	1576.8528	1.8	63 417.46	0.07	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 4 p^{2}^{2} D_{2 \frac{1}{2}}$
200^a	1538.0888	1.0	65 015.75	0.04	$4 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 4 p^{2}^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$
100^a	1264.7087	1.4	79 069.59	0.09	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 4 d^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$
500^a	1261.9042	1.3	79 245.32	0.08	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 4 d^{2} D_{2 \frac{1}{2}}$
500^a	1237.0580	0.9	80 836.95	0.06	$4 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 4 d^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$
200^a	1075.0711	0.8	93 017.10	0.07	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 6 s^{2} S_{\frac{1}{2}}$
100^a	1055.0253	0.5	94 784.46	0.04	$4 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 6 s^{2} S_{\frac{1}{2}}$
15^a	1017.0592	0.7	98 322.69	0.07	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 5 d^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$
100^a	1016.6370	0.7	98 363.53	0.07	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 5 d^{2} D_{2 \frac{1}{2}}$
50^a	999.1003	0.4	100 090.05	0.04	$4 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 5 d^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$
	885.9656	0.7	112 871.20	0.09	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 8 s^{2} S_{\frac{1}{2}}$
	872.3068	0.5	114 638.56	0.06	$4 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 8 s^{2} S_{\frac{1}{2}}$
7^b	875.5759	0.8	114 210.55	0.10	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 7 d^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$
7^b	875.4920	0.8	114 221.49	0.10	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 7 d^{2} D_{2 \frac{1}{2}}$
5^b	862.2332	0.5	115 977.91	0.07	$4 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 7 d^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$
	856.4877	0.7	116 755.91	0.10	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 9 s^{2} S_{\frac{1}{2}}$
	843.7162	0.5	118 523.27	0.07	$4 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 9 s^{2} S_{\frac{1}{2}}$
	850.5426	0.7	117 572.00	0.10	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 8 d^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$
	850.4937	0.7	117 578.77	0.10	$4 p^{2} {P_{1 \frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 8 d^{2} D_{2 \frac{1}{2}}$
	837.9465	0.5	119 339.36	0.07	$4 p^{2} {P_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{0} - 8 d^{2} D_{1 \frac{1}{2}}$

Intensity	λ (Å)	ν (cm⁻¹)	J	Intervals (cm⁻¹)
Intensity	λ (Å)	ν (cm⁻¹)	J	³P₁–³P₀	³P₂–³P₁	³P₁⁰–³P₀⁰	³P₂⁰–³P₁⁰
68	1657.378₃	60 336.25₅	1–1	16.33	27.04	19.23	40.45
105	1658.121₃	60 309.21₉	2–1
105	1656.929₈	60 352.58₇	0–1
100	1656.268₀	60 376.70₂	1–2		26.96		40.53
500	1657.007₈	60 349.74₆	2–2
90	1657.906₆	60 317.02₉	1–0

Intensity	Average wavelength from grating measurements Å (air)	Identification	Wavelength of Ge i Ritz standards Å (air)	Δλ Standard minus grating
152	3030.792	Ne ii
180	3028.860	Ne ii
4	3027.490	Hg i
174	3027.011	Ne ii
48	3023.471	Hg i
174	3021.491	Hg i
60	3017.348	Ne i, ii
104	3012.956	Ne i
104	3012.134	Ne i
180	3001.663	Ne ii
166	2992.429	Ne i
166	2982.670	Ne i
84	2980.922	Ne i
56	2980.646	Ne i
108	2979.810	Ne i
32	2975.523	Ne i
168	2974.719	Ne i
184	2967.280	Hg i
184	2967.181	Ne ii
178	2963.235	Ne ii
126	2947.298	Ne i
80	2935.937	Hg ii
4	2932.725	Ne i
100	2925.623	Ne ii
100	2925.414	Hg i
126	2913.172	Ne i
164	2910.059	Ne ii
140	2906.815	Ne ii
124	2893.596	Hg i
28	2856.935	Hg i
200	2853.967	Ge ii
160	2847.675	Hg ii
172	2845.532	Ge ii
166	2842.632	Ne i
140	2839.676	Ge ii
50	2835.236	Ne i
144	2834.279	Ge ii
180	2831.839	Ge ii
176	2829.0076^a	Ge i	.0076^a
40	2825.613	Ne i
15	2806.773	Hg i
151	2805.670	Ge ii
185	2803.466	Hg i
30	2795.092	Ne i
160	2794.220	Ne ii
30	2794.597	Ne i
200	2793.9249^a	Ge i	.9249^a
173	2792.318	Ne i
300	2792.015	Ne ii
198	2780.023	Ne ii
149	2775.051	Ne i
145	2766.364	Ne i
200	2762.922	Ne ii
76	2759.705	Hg i
250	2756.617	Ne ii
1000	2754.5878^a	Ge i	.5878^a
193	2752.777	Hg i
800	2740.4264^a	Ge i	.4264^a
116	2736.174	Ne i
177	2730.584	Ge ii
200	2729.771	Ge ii
74	2724.772	Ne i
1000	2709.6237^a	Ge i	.6237^a
190	2704.025	Ge ii
800	2691.3411^a	Ge i	.3411^a
35	2655.134	Hg i
179	2653.690	Hg i
1000	2651.5683^a	Ge i	.5683^a
125	2645.645	Ne i
500	2644.1836^a	Ge i	.1836^a
170	2636.070	Ne i
1000	2589.1878^a	Ge i	.1878^a
110	2556.2979^a	Ge i	.2979^a
35	2553.080	Ge ii
1000R	2536.518	Hg i
115	2534.772	Hg i
500	2533.2305^a	Ge i	.2305^a
15	2529.834	Ge ii
120	2500.525	Ge ii
500	2497.9625^a	Ge i	.9625^a
23	2482.716	Hg i
50	2482.001	Hg i
78	2478.646	Ge ii
165	2478.558	C i
1000	2467.3681^a	Ge i	.3681^a
500	2436.4120^a	Ge i	.4120^a
1000	2417.3672^a	Ge i	.3672^a
160	2397.8848^a	Ge i	.8848^a
18	2378.324	Hg i
200	2359.2326^a	Ge i	.2326^a
135	2338.6060^a	Ge i	.6060^a
180	2041.7121^a	Ge i	.7121^a
180	2019.0684	Ge i	.0684
128	2011.2953^a	Ge i	.2953^a
168	2007.038₉	Ge ii
	(vacuum)		(vacuum)
176	1998.8870^a	Ge i	.8869^a	−0.1
114	1993.627	C i
166	1988.2669^a	Ge i	.2668	−0.1
		Ge i	1987.8492^b
132	1979.274₆	Ge ii
170	1970.8796^a	Ge i	.8796^a	0.0
28	1966.316₂	Ge ii
12	1965.3830^a	Ge i	.3830^c^,^a	0.0
0	1963.372₈^a	Ge i	.3728^c^,^a	0.0
164	1962.0129^a	Ge i	.0133^a	+0.4
12	1959.781₁	Ge ii
164	1955.1150	Ge i	.1150	0.0
170	1944.7292	Ge i
60	1944.1163	Ge i	.1163	0.0
164	1942.275	Hg ii
180	1938.890₄	Ge ii
180	1938.827	Ne ii
150	1938.3004^a	Ge i	.3003^a	−0.1
170	1938.007₄	Ge ii
160	1937.4825	Ge i	.4823	−0.2
116	1934.0481^a	Ge i	.0482^a	+0.1
190	1930.905	C i
180	1930.033	Ne ii
166	1929.8260^a	Ge i	.8262^a	0.2
16	1928.787	Ne ii
154	1927.603	Hg ii
120	1923.4678^a	Ge i	.4674^a	−0.4
172	1917.5924^a	Ge i	.5924^a	0.0
184	1916.081	Ne ii
186	1912.4087	Ge i	.4087	0.0
60	1908.4335	Ge i	.4342	0.7
172	1907.494	Ne ii
168	1904.7029	Ge i	.7015^d	−1.4
168	1901.0600	Ge i	.0607	0.7
120	1895.1968	Ge i	.1968	0.0
140	1889.714	Ne ii
140	1888.110	Ne ii
36	1883.799	Ne ii
20	1881.6463^a^,^c	Ge i	.6470^a^,^c	0.7
152	1876.0102	Ge i	.0104	0.2
186	1874.2545^d	Ge i	.2565^d	2.0
81	1869.227	Hg ii
120	1865.0525^a	Ge i	.0525^a	0.0
188	1860.0855^a	Ge i	.0865^a	1.0
196	1853.1315^d	Ge i	.1336^d	2.1
128	1849.6347^a	Ge i	.6354^a	0.7
192R	1849.4994	Hg i
174	1846.9577	Ge i	.9578	0.1
195	1845.8725^a	Ge i	.8723^a	−0.2
151	1845.386₆	Ge ii
89	1844.4096^a	Ge i	.4102^a	0.6
194	1842.4103	Ge i	.4098	−0.5
192	1841.3275^a	Ge i	.3275^a	0.0
127	1839.631₄	Ge ii
5	1836.752	N i
194	1824.2994^c	Ge i	.3023^c	2.9
116	1813.9080	Ge i	.9087	0.7
175	1804.4520	Ge i	.4523	0.3
168	1802.6245^a	Ge i	.6246^a	0.1
172	1801.4323	Ge i	.4323	0.0
40	1796.224	Hg ii
101	1793.0709^a	Ge i	.0711^a	0.2
170	1786.0684	Ge i	.0686	0.2
117	1785.0458^a	Ge i	.0460^a	0.2
57	1783.697	Hg ii
39	1774.704₂	Ge ii
155	1774.1767^e	Ge i	.1755^e	−1.2
154	1766.0647^a	Ge i	.0648^a	0.1
162	1765.2848^a	Ge i	.2843^a	−0.5
164	1764.1849^a	Ge i	.1852^a	0.3
131	1759.2701	Ge i	.2712	1.1
176	1758.2790^a	Ge i	.2792^a	0.2
180	1750.0428^a	Ge i	.0432^a	0.4
130	1748.8568^a	Ge i	.8572^a	0.4
176	1746.061₄	Ge i
40	1745.254	N i
98	1744.2542^a	Ge i	.2546^a	0.4
96	1744.0529^a	Ge i	.0537^a	0.8
101	1742.731	N i
183	1742.1950^a	Ge i	.1951^a	0.1
174	1739.1024^a	Ge i	.1024^a	0.0
180	1738.4791^a	Ge i	.4791^a	0.0
130	1738.1187^a	Ge i	.1185^a	−0.2
140	1727.183	Hg ii
146	1724.3090	Ge i	.3082	−0.8
50	1720.7463^a	Ge i	.7464^a	0.1
220	1718.6882^a	Ge i	.6883^a	0.1
370	1716.7844^a	Ge i	.7844^a	0.0
75	1715.8346^a	Ge i	.8355^a	0.9
250	1713.0806^a	Ge i	.0806^a	0.0
12	1696.7152^c	Ge i	.7160^c	0.8
12	1695.8595^c	Ge i	.8597^c	0.2
3	1691.8656^c	Ge i	.8656^c	0.0
12	1691.6231^a^,^c	Ge i	.6254^a^,^c	2.3
150	1691.0896^a	Ge i	.0897^a	0.1
115	1690.0339^c	Ge i	.0349^c	1.0
150	1688.356	Ne i
125	1681.683	Ne ii
30	1681.3422^a^,^e	Ge i	.3426^a^,^e	0.4
30	1675.5602^a^,^e	Ge i	.5605^a^,^e	0.3
117	1674.2701^a	Ge i	.2703^a	0.2
53	1670.6085^a	Ge i	.6085^a	0.0
33	1667.8007^a^,^e	Ge i	.8015^a^,^e	0.8
90	1663.5380	Ge i
105	1658.121₃	C i
90	1657.906₆	C i
68	1657.378₃	C i
500	1657.007₈	C i
105	1656.929₈	C i
100	1656.268₀	C i
48	1651.9547^a	Ge i	.9547^a	0.0
22	1651.527₇	Ge i	.5288^e
15	1650.292₆	Ge i
165	1649.939	Hg ii
500	1649.192₀	Ge ii
12	1643.1931^e	Ge i	.1931^e
35	1639.730	Ge i
25	1633.468	Ge i
16	1630.168	Ge i	.1733	5.0
140	1628.249	Hg ii
12	1624.128	Ge i
16	1619.461	Hg ii
5	1609.551	Ne i
150	1602.484₁	Ge ii
100	1581.068₀^b	Ge ii
200	1576.852₀	Ge ii
130	1561.435	C i
30	1561.337	C i
40 shldr	1560.702	C i
90	1560.681	C i
43	1560.306	C i

Abstract

Cited By

Figures (1)

Tables (6)

Equations (1)

Journal of the Optical Society of America