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Ultraviolet-blue upconversion emissions of Ho 3 + ions

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Abstract

Ultraviolet-blue upconversion (UC) radiations of Ho3+ ions at 240, 290, 360, 385, 418, 445, 485nm were observed in hexagonal NaYF4:Yb3+Ho3+ powders under diode laser excitation of 970nm. UC mechanism analyses illustrate that successive energy transfers from Yb3+ to Ho3+ generate emissions at 240, 360, 385, and 418nm, while cross relaxations between Ho3+ ions evoke UC emissions at 290 and 445nm. Power dependence analyses indicate that these UC emissions already have intense saturation effects even at low-power density range of 0.338Wcm2. Theoretical calculations based on steady-state equations demonstrate the proposed UC mechanisms and explain well the observed saturation effects.

© 2010 Optical Society of America

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