Abstract

We report on confocal scanning imaging through highly scattering media. Various practical effects including those of the annular pupils and the size of the confocal pinhole as well as of the numerical aperture of objectives on the image quality are examined experimentally. The combination of an annular objective with a finite-sized detector may prove advantageous for improving image quality.

© 1996 Optical Society of America

Ensemble-averaged imaging through highly scattering media

E. Leith, P. Naulleau, and D. Dilworth
Opt. Lett. 21(20) 1691-1693 (1996)

Comparative study of confocal and heterodyne microscopy for imaging through scattering media

M. Kempe, W. Rudolph, and E. Welsch
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13(1) 46-52 (1996)

Effect of an annular pupil filter on differential confocal microscopy

Li Liu, Xiaoqiang Deng, Lisong Yang, Guiying Wang, and Zhizhan Xu
Opt. Lett. 25(23) 1711-1713 (2000)

Microscope imaging through highly scattering media

G. E. Anderson, Feng Liu, and R. R. Alfano
Opt. Lett. 19(13) 981-983 (1994)

Simulation of confocal microscopy through scattering media with and without time gating

Marcus Magnor, Peter Dorn, and Wolfgang Rudolph
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18(11) 1695-1700 (2001)