Abstract
For lumped-element electro-optic modulators, the sensitivity of the phase, , in response to an applied voltage is related to the optical group delay, , and the bandwidth, . This relationship imposes a fundamental trade-off between the sensitivity and the bandwidth of electro-optic modulators: , where is the optical index. A similar relationship for traveling-wave modulators sets an upper limit on that is proportional to .
© 2001 Optical Society of America
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