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Simple nonlinear interferometer-based all-optical thresholder and its applications for optical CDMA

Konstantin Kravtsov, Paul R. Prucnal, and Mikhail M. Bubnov

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We present an experimental demonstration of an ultrafast all-optical thresholder based on a nonlinear Sagnac interferometer. The proposed design is intended for operation at very small nonlinear phase shifts. Therefore, it requires an in-loop nonlinearity lower than for the classical nonlinear loop mirror scheme. Only 15 meters of conventional (non-holey) silica-based fiber is used as a nonlinear element. The proposed thresholder is polarization insensitive and is good for multi-wavelength operation, meeting all the requirements for autocorrelation detection in various optical CDMA communication systems. The observed cubic transfer function is superior to the quadratic transfer function of second harmonic generation-based thresholders.

©2007 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Experimental setup: FC – fiber coupler, NL – nonlinearity (fiber), PC – polarization controller, TI – tunable isolator. Thickness of arrows indicates the relative optical power.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. The measured transfer function. Straight line shows maximum possible output power — the case of perfect in-phase interference. Inset shows the close view of a low power part.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. The measured transfer function in logarithmic coordinates for mode-locked laser at two different repetition rates and for the modulated CW laser.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Thresholding at a single wavelength. A – original signal; B – thresholded signal; C – cubic law transformation of the original signal.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Thresholding of broadband optical CDMA signal. A – original autocorrelation peak and cross-correlation; B – thresholded signal; C – thresholding with the polarization scrambler.

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Equations (4)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

P out = P in ∣ k − k + δ e i ( φ e + φ NL ) ∣ 2 =
= P in [ 2 k + δ − 2 k ( k + δ ) cos ( φ e + φ NL ) ] .
P out = P in [ k φ NL 2 + 2 k φ NL φ e + k φ e 2 + δ 2 4 k ] .
P out = k Γ 2 P in 3 + 2 k Γ φ e P in 2 + ( k φ e 2 + δ 2 4 k ) P in .
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