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New ring resonator configuration using hybrid photonic crystal and conventional waveguide structures

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Abstract

We propose a new method of realizing ring resonators based on hybrid photonic crystal and conventional waveguide structures. The proposed ring resonator configuration is advantageous compared with general ring resonator structures for its controllability of the quality (Q) factor, free spectral range (FSR), and full width at half maximum (FWHM) over a wide range. We show ring resonator structures based on a single mode waveguide with core and clad refractive indices of 1.5 and 1.465, respectively. A 35µm×50µm ring resonator has a free spectral range (FSR) of 14.1nm and a quality (Q) factor of 595 with high optical efficiency (92.7%). By decreasing the size of the ring resonator to 35µm×35µm, the FSR is increased to 19.8nm. Modifying the splitting ratio of the beam splitters permits the Q factor to be increased to 1600.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (1)

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Figures (9)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Hybrid PhC and CWG structures for (a) a high efficiency 90 degree bend and (b) a high efficiency beam splitter. Square inset in Fig. 1(a) indicates the first Brilluin zone of the PhC.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Efficiency as a function of wavelength for TM polarization. Solid line (black) indicates the bend efficiency of the hybrid structure while other two lines (blue) correspond to the efficiencies at output channels of the splitter.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. A ring resonator structure constructed with hybrid PhC and CWG structures. To maximize the efficiency, the throughput port is shifted 120nm to the left of the nominal waveguide center line and the waveguide between the two splitters is similarly shifted up 120nm.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Spectral responses of the base ring resonator at the drop (solid line) and throughput (dashed line) ports. The computation is done by 8 PCs in a linux beowolf cluster.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. (1.55 MB) Movie of the electric field at the drop wavelength. The computation is done by 4 PCs with the parallelized 2-D FDTD. Yee cell size is 15nm and computation is done for 500,000 time steps.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Modified ring resonator geometry in order to increase the FSR.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Spectral responses for the ring resonator which occupies 35µm×35µm (solid black curve) compared with the base ring resonator structure (dotted red curve).
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. (a) Double Si post splitter structure with 100nm Si post radius and (b) spectral responses of single and double Si posts array splitters as a function of wavelength. The dotted red line corresponds to the single Si posts array splitter and the dashed (green) and solid (black) lines are for the double Si posts array splitters with 95nm and 100 nm Si post radii, respectively.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. The efficiencies at the drop port of the ring resonators using single Si posts array splitter (dotted red line), double Si posts array splitter with 95nm radius (dashed green line) and 100 nm radius (solid black line).

Equations (2)

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η drop = T s 2 ( 1 R s R b ) 2 1 + [ 4 R s R b ( 1 R s R b ) 2 ] sin 2 ϕ 2 ,
ϕ = θ + 2 π nd λ 0 ,
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