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Seebeck nanoantennas for the detection and characterization of infrared radiation

Edgar Briones, Alexander Cuadrado, Joel Briones, Ramón Díaz de León, Juan Carlos Martínez-Antón, Stefan McMurtry, Michel Hehn, François Montaigne, Javier Alda, and Francisco Javier González

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Abstract

Arrays of metallic thermocouples in the shape of spiral nanoantennas are proposed as infrared detectors, which use the thermoelectric properties of the metallic interfaces to generate electrical DC signals. The responsivity of these types of antennas is evaluated from both theoretical and numerical perspectives pointing out its potential as infrared sensors. Moreover, the same structures can be used to characterize the state of polarization of the optical near fields with a spatial resolution comparable to the wavelength.

© 2014 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the proposed Seebeck spiral nanoantennas, (a) Square spiral configuration, (b) Archimedean spiral array and (c) Single closed-loop nanoantenna.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Top: Temperature map of three different spiral nanoantennas due to Joule heating when illuminated under different polarizations (taken in a plane at the mid-height of structures, z = 50nm). Middle: Temperature profile along the arms of the square spiral nanoantenna. Junctions are represented as vertical lines and numbered being junction #8 the one located at the center of the structure. Bottom: Differences in temperature for the three states of polarization considered and for the two possible choices to produce a Seebeck voltage.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Temperatures map (right) and profile (left) for the Archimedean spiral for right-handed circular polarization.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 (a) temperature maps of the square closed-loop single antenna for four different polarization states; (b) temperature profile of the square closed-loop single antenna and (c) Voltage values for several choices of consecutive junctions; the dots represent the voltage values for several choices of consecutive juntions. The connecting lines are only presented to group the values for the four different polarizations states.

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Tables (2)

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Table 1 Voltage Response of the Square Spirals Thermocouples

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Table 2 Efficiency of three types of Seebeck nanoantennas at λ = 10.6µm

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Equations (6)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

V OC = ∑ n ( S A − S B )⋅Δ T n ,
L n ={ a, for n=1, 2a(n−1), for n=2,3,...
r= r 0 φ+ r 1 and r= r 0 (φ−π)+ r 1 ,
q(r)=1/2⋅σ(ω)⋅| E → (r) | 2
∇⋅(κ∇T(r))=−q(r), inside the antennas ∇⋅(κ∇T(r))=0, outside the antennas.
ℜ V = V OC P inc ,
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