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Second harmonic generation in reverse proton exchanged Lithium Niobate waveguides

Annarita Di Lallo, Alfonso Cino, Claudio Conti, and Gaetano Assanto

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We investigate efficient second harmonic generation in reverse proton exchanged Lithium Niobate waveguides. In z-cut crystals, the resulting buried and surface guides support TM and TE polarizations, respectively, and are coupled through the d31 nonlinear element. Numerically estimated conversion efficiencies in planar structures operating at 1.32µm reach 90% in 2cm or a normalized 14% µm/Wcm.

©2001 Optical Society of America

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. RPE geometry with graphs of ordinary and extraordinary index distributions in z-cut LN.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Computed SHG conversion efficiency versus input power for a 1cm sample at 25°C. (a) CMT and (b) EFDBPM results in case of Gaussian excitation.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Contour maps of (a) FF and (b) SH intensity versus z and y for a Gaussian input at 10W/µm in a sample at temperature 25°C.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Phase-matching diagram at 25°C versus modal order m at SH. The horizontal lines refer to the FF modes, TE0 and leaky (or quasi-mode), respectively. The inset shows the corresponding TMm-TE0 overlap integral.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Contour maps of (a) FF and (b) SH intensity versus z and y for a TE0 input at 10W/µm.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Conversion efficiency versus input FF power (TE0 excitation) at (a) 25 and (b) 85°C, for samples 1cm (dashed line) and 2cm (solid line) in length.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Conversion efficiency versus temperature (TE0 excitation) at input powers of (a) 1W/µm and (b) 10W/µm, for samples 1cm (dashed line) and 2cm (solid line) in length.

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Equations (4)

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E TE ω ( z , y ) = A ( y ) f ω ( z ) e − i k 0 N ω y , E TM 2 ω ( z , y ) = ∑ ν B ν ( y ) f 2 ω ν ( z ) e − i 2 k 0 N 2 ω ν y
∂ 2 E TE ω ∂ y 2 + ∂ 2 E TE ω ∂ z 2 + k 0 2 ( n o ω ( z ) ) 2 E TE ω + 2 k 0 2 d 15 E TM 2 ω ( E TE ω ) * = 0
∂ 2 E TM 2 ω ∂ y 2 + ( n es 2 ω ) 2 ( n os 2 ω ) 2 ∂ 2 E TM 2 ω ∂ z 2 + 4 k 0 2 ( n e 2 ω ( z ) ) 2 E TM 2 ω + 4 k 0 2 d 31 ( E TE ω ) 2 = 0
n o , e qω ( z ) = n os , es qω + Δ n o , e qω exp ( − z − z 0 σ oi , ei ) 2
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