Power-Efficiency Considerations for Adaptive Long-Haul Optical Transceivers

Behnam Sedighi; Hamid Khodakarami; Bipin S. G. Pillai; William Shieh

doi:10.1364/JOCN.6.001093

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 6,
Issue 12,
pp. 1093-1103
(2014)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.6.001093

Power-Efficiency Considerations for Adaptive Long-Haul Optical Transceivers

Behnam Sedighi, Hamid Khodakarami, Bipin S. G. Pillai, and William Shieh

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Behnam Sedighi, Hamid Khodakarami, Bipin S. G. Pillai, and William Shieh, "Power-Efficiency Considerations for Adaptive Long-Haul Optical Transceivers," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 6, 1093-1103 (2014)

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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 26, 2014
- Revised Manuscript: August 27, 2014
- Manuscript Accepted: October 8, 2014
- Published: November 11, 2014

Abstract

Adaptive optical transceivers are considered among the candidates for future optical communications, especially in long-haul and metro applications. In this paper, the hardware requirements of the adaptive digital coherent transceivers are studied. Challenges and solutions for power-efficient implementation of the electro-optical front-end and digital signal processor are investigated. Different power-saving modes are also presented.

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Modulation	Method	# of MZI	Voltage Levels at Modulator Port for Each MZI ( $V_{π}$ is in Units of Volts)	RF Swing (Single-Ended)	Power Dissipation of E/O Interface (Watts)	$p_{S} / p_{Laser}$
4-QAM	Fig. 3(a)	2	$V_{1} = (0 V, V_{π})$ , $V_{2} = V_{π} - V_{1}$	$V_{π}$	$4 V_{C C} V_{π} / R_{T}$	0.5
16-QAM	Fig. 3(b)	2	$V_{1} = (0 V, 0.39 V_{π}, 0.61 V_{π}, V_{π})$ , $V_{2} = V_{π} - V_{1}$	$V_{π}$	$4 V_{C C} V_{π} / R_{T}$	0.278
16-QAM	Fig. 3(c)	4	$V_{1} = (0 V, V_{π})$ , $V_{1}^{'} = (0.33 V_{π}, 0.67 V_{π})$ $V_{2} = V_{π} - V_{1}$ , $V_{2}^{'} = V_{π} - V_{1}^{'}$	$V_{π}$ $0.333 V_{π}$	$5.33 V_{C C} V_{π} / R_{T}$	0.312
16-QAM	Fig. 3(d)	1	$V_{1} = (0.25 V_{π}, 0.75 V_{π}, 1.25 V_{π}, 1.75 V_{π})$	$1.5 V_{π}$	$6 V_{C C} V_{π} / R_{T}$	0.312
64-QAM	Fig. 3(b)	2	$V_{1} = (0 V, 0.25 V_{π}, 0.36 V_{π}, 0.45 V_{π}, 0.55 V_{π}, 0.64 V_{π}, 0.75 V_{π}, V_{π})$ , $V_{2} = V_{π} - V_{1}$	$V_{π}$	$4 V_{C C} V_{π} / R_{T}$	0.214

Code Rate	Description	Code Length	Message Bits	Transmitted Bits
8/9	Punctured	8000	6000	6750
3/4	Original	8000	6000	8000
2/3	Shortened	8000	4000	6000

	Component	Quantity	Power Diss. Per Device	Total Power Diss.
TX	MZI + Driver	4	2 W	8 W
	DAC	4	0.75 W	3 W
	Laser	1	3.5 W	3.5 W
	Total Tx			14.5 W
RX	TIA	4	0.3 W	1.2 W
	ADC	4	1.2 W	4.8 W
	Laser	1	3.5 W	3.5 W
	Total Rx			9.5 W

Modulation	Method	# of MZI	Voltage Levels at Modulator Port for Each MZI ( $V_{π}$ is in Units of Volts)	RF Swing (Single-Ended)	Power Dissipation of E/O Interface (Watts)	$p_{S} / p_{Laser}$
4-QAM	Fig. 3(a)	2	$V_{1} = (0 V, V_{π})$ , $V_{2} = V_{π} - V_{1}$	$V_{π}$	$4 V_{C C} V_{π} / R_{T}$	0.5
16-QAM	Fig. 3(b)	2	$V_{1} = (0 V, 0.39 V_{π}, 0.61 V_{π}, V_{π})$ , $V_{2} = V_{π} - V_{1}$	$V_{π}$	$4 V_{C C} V_{π} / R_{T}$	0.278
16-QAM	Fig. 3(c)	4	$V_{1} = (0 V, V_{π})$ , $V_{1}^{'} = (0.33 V_{π}, 0.67 V_{π})$ $V_{2} = V_{π} - V_{1}$ , $V_{2}^{'} = V_{π} - V_{1}^{'}$	$V_{π}$ $0.333 V_{π}$	$5.33 V_{C C} V_{π} / R_{T}$	0.312
16-QAM	Fig. 3(d)	1	$V_{1} = (0.25 V_{π}, 0.75 V_{π}, 1.25 V_{π}, 1.75 V_{π})$	$1.5 V_{π}$	$6 V_{C C} V_{π} / R_{T}$	0.312
64-QAM	Fig. 3(b)	2	$V_{1} = (0 V, 0.25 V_{π}, 0.36 V_{π}, 0.45 V_{π}, 0.55 V_{π}, 0.64 V_{π}, 0.75 V_{π}, V_{π})$ , $V_{2} = V_{π} - V_{1}$	$V_{π}$	$4 V_{C C} V_{π} / R_{T}$	0.214

Code Rate	Description	Code Length	Message Bits	Transmitted Bits
8/9	Punctured	8000	6000	6750
3/4	Original	8000	6000	8000
2/3	Shortened	8000	4000	6000

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Equations (5)

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking