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Low-chirp high-extinction-ratio modulator based on graphene–silicon waveguide

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Abstract

We present a hybrid graphene–silicon waveguide, which consists of a lateral slot waveguide with three layers of graphene flakes inside. Through a theoretical analysis, an effective index variation for about 0.05 is found in the waveguide by applying a voltage on the graphene. We designed a Mach–Zehnder modulator based on this waveguide and demonstrated it can process signals nearly chirp-free. The calculation shows that the driving voltage is only 1 V even if the length of the arm is shortened to be 43.54 μm. An extinction up to 34.7 dB and a minimum chirp parameter of 0.006 are obtained. Its insertion loss is roughly 1.37dB. This modulator consumes low power and has a small footprint. It can potentially be ultrafast as well as CMOS compatible.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

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