Abstract
We demonstrate a novel atomic layer deposition (ALD) process to make high-quality nanocrystalline titanium dioxide () with intermediate layers to limit the crystal size. The process is based on titanium chloride and trimethyl aluminum processes at 250°C deposition temperature. The waveguide losses measured using a prism coupling method for 633 and 1551 nm wavelengths are as low as with the smallest crystal size, with losses increasing with crystal size. In comparison, plain deposited at 250°C without the intermediate layers shows high scattering losses and is not viable as waveguide material. The third-order optical nonlinearity decreases with smaller crystal size as verified by third-harmonic generation microscopy but still remains high for all samples. Crystallinity controlled ALD-grown is an excellent candidate for various optical applications, where good thermal stability and high third-order optical nonlinearity are needed.
© 2013 Optical Society of America
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