Feasibility studies for a global wind measuring satellite system (Windsat): analysis of simulated performance

R. Milton Huffaker; T. R. Lawrence; Madison J. Post; J. T. Priestley; Freeman F. Hall; R. A. Richter; R. J. Keeler

doi:10.1364/AO.23.002523

Applied Optics
Vol. 23,
Issue 15,
pp. 2523-2536
(1984)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.23.002523

Feasibility studies for a global wind measuring satellite system (Windsat): analysis of simulated performance

R. Milton Huffaker, T. R. Lawrence, Madison J. Post, J. T. Priestley, Freeman F. Hall, R. A. Richter, and R. J. Keeler

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R. Milton Huffaker, T. R. Lawrence, Madison J. Post, J. T. Priestley, Freeman F. Hall, R. A. Richter, and R. J. Keeler, "Feasibility studies for a global wind measuring satellite system (Windsat): analysis of simulated performance," Appl. Opt. 23, 2523-2536 (1984)

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Abstract

A detailed computer simulation of the Windsat global wind measuring process has been developed and used to establish error limits as a function of design parameters. Studies were conducted for a Windsat research system in a 300- and an 800-km orbit. Wind measuring errors were <2 m sec⁻¹ in the troposphere for the recommended set of parameters. Our study results indicate the feasibility of measuring global winds from a space platform using a coherent laser radar.

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		Probabilities for different nadir anglesa

Model No.	Layer (km)	0°	10°	20°	30°	40°	50°	60°	70°
1 (Tropical)	8–20	0.808	0.807	0.803	0.799	0.794	0.785	0.773	0.760
	2–8	0.781	0.781	0.781	0.779	0.775	0.769	0.754	0.737
	0–2	0.779	0.777	0.773	0.767	0.760	0.746	0.733	0.712
2 (Mid-latitude summer)	8–20	0.810	0.807	0.806	0.802	0.796	0.787	0.775	0.763
	2–8	0.764	0.764	0.764	0.761	0.756	0.751	0.737	0.720
	0–2	0.688	0.685	0.678	0.672	0.621	0.646	0.630	0.604
3 (Mid-latitude winter)	8–20	0.821	0.820	0.817	0.815	0.809	0.803	0.793	0.785
	2–8	0.745	0.745	0.745	0.743	0.738	0.734	0.720	0.712
	0–2	0.657	0.653	0.646	0.638	0.630	0.613	0.598	0.571
4 (Subarctic summer)	8–20	0.802	0.801	0.797	0.793	0.781	0.776	0.762	0.7648
	2–8	0.727	0.727	0.727	0.725	0.719	0.713	0.699	0.677
	0–2	0.598	0.593	0.586	0.576	0.566	0.547	0.529	0.497
5 (Subarctic winter)	8–20	0.831	0.831	0.829	0.826	0.823	0.818	0.809	0.801
	2–8	0.761	0.761	0.761	0.759	0.755	0.751	0.740	0.724
	0–2	0.665	0.662	0.656	0.650	0.641	0.626	0.612	0.586

Altitude (km)	Average increases for different nadir angles

	0°	10°	20°	30°	40°	50°	60°	70°
8–20	1.11	1.11	1.11	1.11	1.12	1.12	1.13	1.14
2–8	1.28	1.28	1.28	1.28	1.29	1.30	1.32	1.35
0–2	1.55	1.55	1.56	1.58	1.61	1.63	1.68	1.75

	Value

Parameter	Shuttle	Operational
Altitude	300 km	800 km
Nadir angle	62°	53°
prf (av)	8 Hz	8 Hz
Scan period	7 sec	11 sec
Pointing error
Short-term	2 μrad	2 μrad
Long-term	50 μrad	50 μrad
LO jitter	50 kHz	50 kHz
Pulse energy	10 J	10 J
Transmitter efficiency	5%	5%
Wavelength	9.11 μm	9.11 μm
Pulse duration	6.7 μsec	6.7 μsec
Optics diameter	1 m	1 m
Receiver efficiency	10%	10%
Atmospheric model	Mid-latitude summer	Mid-latitude winter
Wind field	3-D	3-D
Clouds	Yes	Yes

		Probabilities for different nadir anglesa

Model No.	Layer (km)	0°	10°	20°	30°	40°	50°	60°	70°
1 (Tropical)	8–20	0.808	0.807	0.803	0.799	0.794	0.785	0.773	0.760
	2–8	0.781	0.781	0.781	0.779	0.775	0.769	0.754	0.737
	0–2	0.779	0.777	0.773	0.767	0.760	0.746	0.733	0.712
2 (Mid-latitude summer)	8–20	0.810	0.807	0.806	0.802	0.796	0.787	0.775	0.763
	2–8	0.764	0.764	0.764	0.761	0.756	0.751	0.737	0.720
	0–2	0.688	0.685	0.678	0.672	0.621	0.646	0.630	0.604
3 (Mid-latitude winter)	8–20	0.821	0.820	0.817	0.815	0.809	0.803	0.793	0.785
	2–8	0.745	0.745	0.745	0.743	0.738	0.734	0.720	0.712
	0–2	0.657	0.653	0.646	0.638	0.630	0.613	0.598	0.571
4 (Subarctic summer)	8–20	0.802	0.801	0.797	0.793	0.781	0.776	0.762	0.7648
	2–8	0.727	0.727	0.727	0.725	0.719	0.713	0.699	0.677
	0–2	0.598	0.593	0.586	0.576	0.566	0.547	0.529	0.497
5 (Subarctic winter)	8–20	0.831	0.831	0.829	0.826	0.823	0.818	0.809	0.801
	2–8	0.761	0.761	0.761	0.759	0.755	0.751	0.740	0.724
	0–2	0.665	0.662	0.656	0.650	0.641	0.626	0.612	0.586

Altitude (km)	Average increases for different nadir angles

	0°	10°	20°	30°	40°	50°	60°	70°
8–20	1.11	1.11	1.11	1.11	1.12	1.12	1.13	1.14
2–8	1.28	1.28	1.28	1.28	1.29	1.30	1.32	1.35
0–2	1.55	1.55	1.56	1.58	1.61	1.63	1.68	1.75

Abstract

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Applied Optics