The Knox–Thompson, or cross-spectrum, method provides two two-dimensional difference equations for the phase of the object spectrum. We demonstrate that, in general, the object spectrum phase can be decomposed into a regular, single-valued function determined by the divergence of the phase gradient, as well as a multivalued function determined by the circulation of the phase gradient; this second function has been called the hidden phase. The standard least-squares solution to the two-dimensional difference equations will always miss this hidden phase. We present a solution method that gives both the regular and the hidden parts of the object spectrum phase. Finally, we illustrate several examples of imaging through turbulence and postprocessing with the Knox–Thompson method, including the hidden phase.

© 2000 Optical Society of America

[Optical Society of America ]

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