Multienergy Cu⁺ ions with total dose of ~10¹⁴ ions/cm² were implanted into LiNbO₃ crystals to form a nearly homogenous damage profile from the sample surface to the end of the ions’ track. The extraordinary refractive-index enhancement was found in the damage region by observation of the dark mode. The extraordinary index showed an increasing trend until the ion dose reached a critical value. The largest index enhancement was ~0.0132. By use of low-dose ion implantation, we determined that the decreased spontaneous polarization caused the extraordinary index increase.

© 2001 Optical Society of America

[Optical Society of America ]

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