Multireflection pumping concept for miniaturized diode-pumped solid-state lasers

Jörg Meister; Rene Franzen; Christian Apel; Norbert Gutknecht

doi:10.1364/AO.43.005864

Applied Optics
Vol. 43,
Issue 31,
pp. 5864-5869
(2004)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.43.005864

Multireflection pumping concept for miniaturized diode-pumped solid-state lasers

Jörg Meister, Rene Franzen, Christian Apel, and Norbert Gutknecht

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Jörg Meister, Rene Franzen, Christian Apel, and Norbert Gutknecht, "Multireflection pumping concept for miniaturized diode-pumped solid-state lasers," Appl. Opt. 43, 5864-5869 (2004)

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Abstract

An innovative pump concept for diode-pumped, solid-state lasers is introduced as an example for an Er:YSGG laser, permitting its miniaturization. Embedded in a multireflective pump cavity, the laser crystal is simultaneously side and end pumped. Specially calculated and shaped deflecting optics distribute the coaxially input pumping light homogeneously over the lateral surface of the crystal, therefore reducing the size of the laser head, including the optical resonator, to a length of 27.5 mm and an outside diameter of 12.5 mm. The differential efficiency achieved is between 8.7% and 24%. The laser emits energy of 15.7 mJ at an absolute efficiency of 9.1% and a repetition rate of 4 Hz.

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Material Properties	Values
Er:YSGG (38% doping level)b and comparable garnet crystalsc,d
Absorption coefficient, μ_abs	≈22 cm^-1
Thermal expansion, α	8.1 × 10^-6 K^-1
Heat conductivity, K	7.9 × 10^-2 W/(cm K)
Refractive index at 1.064 μm, n	1.926
Young’s modulus, E	[100] = 115.8 GPa, [010] = 152.5 GPa, [001] = 92.4 GPa
Poisson’s ratio, ν	≈0.3d
2-Propanol (analytical reagent)
Absorption coefficient, μ_abs	0.08 cm^-1
Refractive index at 632.8 nm, n	1.3776
Specific heat capacity, c	2.5 kJ/(kg K)
Surface heat transfer coefficient, h	0.2 W/(mm² K)d

Authors	Pump Configuration (Resonator)	Slope Efficiency (%)	Crystal Material	Excitation Powerc (W)	Output Energy
Present system	Multireflective (open)	8.7–24	Er:YSGG	qcw 70	15.7 mJ
Diening and Huber20	longitudinal (open)	14	Er:YSGG	qcw 28	25.0 mJ
Dinerman et al.28	longitudinal (open)	9.1	Er:YSGG	qcw 80	3.4 mJ
Ziolek et al.22	TIR (open)^d	13.6–18.3	Er:YAG	750	32.0 mJ
Jensen29	longitudinal (monolith)	13	Er:YSGG	qcw 400	40.0 mJ
		14	Er:GGG	qcw 400	45.0 mJ
	transversal (open)	21	Er:YSGG	qcw 400	70.0 mJ
Hamilton et al.21	TIR (open)^d	13	Er:YAG	qcw 220	7.1 mJ
Nikolov et al.18	longitudinal (monolith)	13	Er:YSGG	cw 1	cw 120 mW

Authors	Pulse Length (ms)	Repetition Rate	Peak Power (W)
Present system	2.5	4 Hz	6.28
Diening and Huber20	10	33 Hz	2.5
Dinerman et al.28	1	10 Hz	3.4
Ziolek et al.22	0.4	100 Hz	80
Jensen29
Er:YSGG (long.)	1	10 Hz	40
Er:GGG (long.)	1	10 Hz	45
Er:YSGG (trans.)	1	n.a.a	70
Hamilton et al.	0.4	100 Hz	17.75
Nikolov et al.	—	—	0.12

Material Properties	Values
Er:YSGG (38% doping level)b and comparable garnet crystalsc,d
Absorption coefficient, μ_abs	≈22 cm^-1
Thermal expansion, α	8.1 × 10^-6 K^-1
Heat conductivity, K	7.9 × 10^-2 W/(cm K)
Refractive index at 1.064 μm, n	1.926
Young’s modulus, E	[100] = 115.8 GPa, [010] = 152.5 GPa, [001] = 92.4 GPa
Poisson’s ratio, ν	≈0.3d
2-Propanol (analytical reagent)
Absorption coefficient, μ_abs	0.08 cm^-1
Refractive index at 632.8 nm, n	1.3776
Specific heat capacity, c	2.5 kJ/(kg K)
Surface heat transfer coefficient, h	0.2 W/(mm² K)d

Authors	Pump Configuration (Resonator)	Slope Efficiency (%)	Crystal Material	Excitation Powerc (W)	Output Energy
Present system	Multireflective (open)	8.7–24	Er:YSGG	qcw 70	15.7 mJ
Diening and Huber20	longitudinal (open)	14	Er:YSGG	qcw 28	25.0 mJ
Dinerman et al.28	longitudinal (open)	9.1	Er:YSGG	qcw 80	3.4 mJ
Ziolek et al.22	TIR (open)^d	13.6–18.3	Er:YAG	750	32.0 mJ
Jensen29	longitudinal (monolith)	13	Er:YSGG	qcw 400	40.0 mJ
		14	Er:GGG	qcw 400	45.0 mJ
	transversal (open)	21	Er:YSGG	qcw 400	70.0 mJ
Hamilton et al.21	TIR (open)^d	13	Er:YAG	qcw 220	7.1 mJ
Nikolov et al.18	longitudinal (monolith)	13	Er:YSGG	cw 1	cw 120 mW

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Applied Optics