Tunable diode lasers (TDL) near $2.7\mathrm{\mu m}$ are used to measure high-resolution direct absorption and wave length modulation with second harmonic (WMS- $2f$ ) spectra at high pressures for two ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ transitions near 3633.08 and $3645.20{\mathrm{cm}}^{-1}$ , belonging to the ${\nu }_1+{\nu }_3$ vibrational band. Important factors influencing the design of a high-pressure TDL sensor and the variation of WMS- $2f$ line shape with changes in pressure and laser parameters are discussed. Measurements of line strength and line broadening parameters are carried out for the $3645.20{\mathrm{cm}}^{-1}$ transition in an atmospheric-pressure, high-temperature cell. A room-temperature high-pressure cell is then used to measure the pressure shift for both ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ transitions. Deviation of the direct absorption and wavelength division spectroscopy (WMS) spectra from the Lorentzian profile is studied in a high-density ( $9.2\text{\hspace{0.17em} amagats}$ ) ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ –Ar mixture. The WMS spectra are shown to be negligibly affected by non-Lorentzian effects up to $10\mathrm{atm}$ and room temperature, in contrast with direct absorption. Measurements of ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ concentration and temperature are carried out in nonreactive shock-tube experiments ( $P\sim 8–12\mathrm{atm}$ , $T\sim 800–1200\mathrm{K}$ ) to validate the accuracy and precision of wavelength-modulation-spectroscopy-based sensing. ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ time histories are then measured in heptane ignition experiments and compared with reaction kinetics mechanisms to demonstrate the use of this sensor in high-pressure combustion systems.

© 2009 Optical Society of America

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