Visible and infrared extinction of atmospheric aerosol in the marine and coastal environment

Gennady A. Kaloshin

doi:10.1364/AO.50.002124

Applied Optics
Vol. 50,
Issue 14,
pp. 2124-2133
(2011)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.50.002124

Visible and infrared extinction of atmospheric aerosol in the marine and coastal environment

Gennady A. Kaloshin

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Gennady A. Kaloshin, "Visible and infrared extinction of atmospheric aerosol in the marine and coastal environment," Appl. Opt. 50, 2124-2133 (2011)

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- Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: December 6, 2010
- Revised Manuscript: February 25, 2011
- Manuscript Accepted: March 1, 2011
- Published: May 9, 2011
Virtual Issues
Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics Vol. 6, Iss. 6

Abstract

The microphysical model Marine Aerosol Extinction Profiles (MaexPro) for surface layer marine and coastal atmospheric aerosols, which is based on long-term observations of size distributions for $0.01 - 100 μm$ particles, is presented. The fundamental feature of the model is a parameterization of amplitudes and widths for aerosol modes of the aerosol size distribution function (ASDF) as functions of fetch and wind speed. The shape of the ASDF and its dependence on meteorological parameters, altitudes above the sea level (H), fetch (X), wind speed (U), and relative humidity is investigated. The model is primarily to characterize aerosols for the near-surface layer (within $25 m$ ). The model is also applicable to higher altitudes within the atmospheric boundary layer, where the change in the vertical profile of aerosol is not very large. In this case, it is only valid for “clean” marine environments, in the absence of air pollution or any other major sources of continental aerosols, such desert dust or smoke from biomass burning. The spectral profiles of the aerosol extinction coefficients calculated by MaexPro are in good agreement with observational data and the numerical results obtained by the well-known Navy Aerosol Model and Advanced Navy Aerosol Model codes. Moreover, MaexPro was found to be an accurate and reliable instrument for investigation of the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols.

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	SSA Particle Size Class
Property	Small	Medium	Large
$r_{80}$ $μm / range$	$\sim 0.1$ to $\sim 1$	$\sim 1$ to $\sim 25$	$\geq 25$
Predominant droplet type	Film	Jet	Jet, spume
Response to RH	$\leq 0.1 s$	$\sim 0.1 s$ to $\sim 50 s$	$\geq 50 s$
Role of gravity	Negligible	Important	Dominant
Response to wind speed	$\leq 3 \cdot 10^{- 5} s$	$\sim 3 \cdot 10^{- 5} s$ to $\sim 0.02 s$	$\geq 0.1 s$
Vertical concentration gradient (near $10 m$ )	Negligible	Small	Very large
Altitudes of mixing	Entire marine boundary layer	Varies greatly with $r_{80}$	In most cases, a few meters above sea surface
Atmospheric residence times	Weeks to days	Days to minutes	Seconds
Abundance in comparison to concentration of non-SSA particles	Low to high	High	High

Aerosol Type	Material	P ( $μm$ )	A	B	Range of Validity
0	Dust	0.03	—	—	—
1	Water soluble	0.24	1.17	1.87	$s < 0.99$
2	Sea salt	2	1.97	5.83	$s < 0.999$
3	Sea salt	10	2	6	$s < 0.9999$

Mode	Materials	Mode Size ( $μm$ )	Reference
0	Insoluble	0.03	Shettle and Fenn [15] (1979)
1	Soluble	0.24	Volz [16, 17] (1972)
2	$Salt + water$	2	Shettle and Fenn [15] (1979)
3	$Salt + water$	10	Hale and Query [18] (1973)

$Δ r$ ( $μm$ )	N ( $1 / {cm}^{3}$ )	A ( ${μm}^{2} / {cm}^{3}$ )	V ( ${μm}^{3} / {cm}^{3}$ )
0.01–100	4540	103	183
0.01–50	4540	103	183
0.05–50	2210	94.5	182
0.1–50	663	69.9	180
0.1–10	663	63.8	69.8
0.2–10	90.4	31.4	63.5
0.4–10	7.26	14.2	57.2
1–10	0.468	7.9	52.2

$Δ r$ ( $μm$ )	N ( $1 / {cm}^{3}$ )	A ( ${μm}^{2} / {cm}^{3}$ )	V ( ${μm}^{3} / {cm}^{3}$ )
0.01–100	3990	285	1510
0.01–50	3990	285	1460
0.05–50	2880	280	1460
0.1–50	1410	255	1460
0.1–10	1410	206	251
0.2–10	358	142	238
0.4–10	46.2	72	211
1–10	2.4	31.8	180

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