The Ti:sapphire (TISA) laser transmitter of the mobile, three-dimensional-scanning water–vapor differential absorption lidar (DIAL) of the University of Hohenheim is described in detail. The dynamically-stable, unidirectional ring resonator contains a single Brewster-cut TISA crystal, which is pumped from both sides with 250 Hz using a diode-pumped frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. The resonator is injection seeded and actively frequency-stabilized using a phase-sensitive technique. The TISA laser is operating near 820 nm, which is optimum for ground-based water–vapor DIAL measurements. An average output power of up to 6.75 W with a beam quality factor of is reached. The pointing stability is (rms), the depolarization . The overall optical–optical conversion efficiency is up to 19%. The pulse length is 40 ns with a pulse linewidth of . The short- and long-term frequency stabilities are 10 MHz (rms). A spectral purity of 99.9% was determined by pointing to a stratus cloud in low-elevation scanning mode with a cloud bottom height of .
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Transmitter properties: average output power (), output pulse energy (), pulse repetition rate (). Spectral properties: wavelength region (), linewidth (), frequency stability (), spectral purity (SP). n.s., not specified.
Table 2.
Transmitter Requirements for Ground-Based Water–Vapor DIAL from Ground to the Upper Troposphere According to [55,56], and Achieved Transmitter Specifications of the UHOH DIAL Transmittera
Transmitter properties: average output power (), output pulse energy (), pulse repetition rate (). Spectral properties: wavelength region (), linewidth (), frequency stability (), spectral purity (SP). n.s., not specified.
Table 2.
Transmitter Requirements for Ground-Based Water–Vapor DIAL from Ground to the Upper Troposphere According to [55,56], and Achieved Transmitter Specifications of the UHOH DIAL Transmittera