Dielectric function of very thin nano-granular ZnO layers with different states of growth

Mickaël Gilliot; Aomar Hadjadj; Aotmane En Naciri

doi:10.1364/AO.54.003043

Applied Optics
Vol. 54,
Issue 10,
pp. 3043-3050
(2015)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.003043

Dielectric function of very thin nano-granular ZnO layers with different states of growth

Mickaël Gilliot, Aomar Hadjadj, and Aotmane En Naciri

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Mickaël Gilliot, Aomar Hadjadj, and Aotmane En Naciri, "Dielectric function of very thin nano-granular ZnO layers with different states of growth," Appl. Opt. 54, 3043-3050 (2015)

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Abstract

Zinc oxide (ZnO) layers consisting of grains closely packed together are grown using a solgel synthesis and spin-coating deposition process. The morphologies are characterized by atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and their optical properties are investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry at the different stages of the growth process. The optical observations are correlated with evolution of morphology and orientation. Two remarkable evolutions are observed: gradual evolution of morphology, crystallinity, and excitonic contribution with the first deposition steps; and transformation from a poorly oriented to a $c$ -axis oriented crystalline state featuring a large contribution of bound excitons after thermal annealing. A modified Elliott model is used to obtain the optical parameters of ZnO, including bandgap and exciton energies. A simple growth mechanism is proposed to explain the evolution of the layers in accordance with the different deposition steps.

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Number of Layers	Roughness (nm)	ZnO (nm)	Grain Size (nm)
One (unannealed)	$7 \pm 3$	$27 \pm 5$	$17 \pm 3$
Two (unannealed)	$14 \pm 5$	$40 \pm 7$	$24 \pm 4$
Three (unannealed)	$12 \pm 5$	$41 \pm 8$	$29 \pm 5$
Four (unannealed)	$10 \pm 4$	$59 \pm 10$	$31 \pm 5$
Four (annealed)	$7 \pm 4$	$55 \pm 10$	$46 \pm 4$

Number of Layers	$χ^{2}$ ( $\times 10^{- 3}$ )	$A_{b} \sqrt{R}$ ( ${eV}^{2}$ )	$A_{u} \sqrt{R}$ ( ${eV}^{2}$ )	$E_{g}$ (eV)	$R$ (meV)	$Γ_{co}$ (meV)	$Γ_{ex}$ (meV)	$A_{b} / A_{u}$
One (unannealed)	0.4	$0.13 \pm 0.04$	$0.78 \pm 0.03$	$3.37 \pm 0.01$	$14 \pm 2$	$42 \pm 1$	$20 \pm 1$	$0.17 \pm 0.04$
Two (unannealed)	0.8	$0.29 \pm 0.06$	$1.25 \pm 0.03$	$3.39 \pm 0.01$	$42 \pm 6$	$45 \pm 1$	$33 \pm 1$	$0.23 \pm 0.05$
Three (unannealed)	0.9	$0.58 \pm 0.06$	$2.04 \pm 0.02$	$3.37 \pm 0.01$	$46 \pm 3$	$33 \pm 1$	$37 \pm 1$	$0.29 \pm 0.03$
Four (unannealed)	0.5	$1.17 \pm 0.08$	$2.32 \pm 0.02$	$3.38 \pm 0.01$	$47 \pm 2$	$30 \pm 1$	$50 \pm 1$	$0.50 \pm 0.03$
Four (annealed)	3.8	$3.88 \pm 0.11$	$3.17 \pm 0.04$	$3.41 \pm 0.01$	$54 \pm 3$	$20 \pm 1$	$47 \pm 1$	$1.22 \pm 0.04$

Number of Layers	Roughness (nm)	ZnO (nm)	Grain Size (nm)
One (unannealed)	$7 \pm 3$	$27 \pm 5$	$17 \pm 3$
Two (unannealed)	$14 \pm 5$	$40 \pm 7$	$24 \pm 4$
Three (unannealed)	$12 \pm 5$	$41 \pm 8$	$29 \pm 5$
Four (unannealed)	$10 \pm 4$	$59 \pm 10$	$31 \pm 5$
Four (annealed)	$7 \pm 4$	$55 \pm 10$	$46 \pm 4$

Number of Layers	$χ^{2}$ ( $\times 10^{- 3}$ )	$A_{b} \sqrt{R}$ ( ${eV}^{2}$ )	$A_{u} \sqrt{R}$ ( ${eV}^{2}$ )	$E_{g}$ (eV)	$R$ (meV)	$Γ_{co}$ (meV)	$Γ_{ex}$ (meV)	$A_{b} / A_{u}$
One (unannealed)	0.4	$0.13 \pm 0.04$	$0.78 \pm 0.03$	$3.37 \pm 0.01$	$14 \pm 2$	$42 \pm 1$	$20 \pm 1$	$0.17 \pm 0.04$
Two (unannealed)	0.8	$0.29 \pm 0.06$	$1.25 \pm 0.03$	$3.39 \pm 0.01$	$42 \pm 6$	$45 \pm 1$	$33 \pm 1$	$0.23 \pm 0.05$
Three (unannealed)	0.9	$0.58 \pm 0.06$	$2.04 \pm 0.02$	$3.37 \pm 0.01$	$46 \pm 3$	$33 \pm 1$	$37 \pm 1$	$0.29 \pm 0.03$
Four (unannealed)	0.5	$1.17 \pm 0.08$	$2.32 \pm 0.02$	$3.38 \pm 0.01$	$47 \pm 2$	$30 \pm 1$	$50 \pm 1$	$0.50 \pm 0.03$
Four (annealed)	3.8	$3.88 \pm 0.11$	$3.17 \pm 0.04$	$3.41 \pm 0.01$	$54 \pm 3$	$20 \pm 1$	$47 \pm 1$	$1.22 \pm 0.04$

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Equations (9)

Applied Optics