Atmospheric Turbulence in Optical Surveillance Systems

Melvin M. Weiner

doi:10.1364/AO.6.001984

Applied Optics
Vol. 6,
Issue 11,
pp. 1984-1991
(1967)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.6.001984

Atmospheric Turbulence in Optical Surveillance Systems

Melvin M. Weiner

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Melvin M. Weiner, "Atmospheric Turbulence in Optical Surveillance Systems," Appl. Opt. 6, 1984-1991 (1967)

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Abstract

The limitations imposed by atmospheric turbulence in the design of optical surveillance systems with slant optical paths are developed. Image blurring effects which determine scene contrast ratio are separated from spot dancing effects which determine signal-to-noise ratio. The relative position of each turbulent eddy with respect to scene and observer is considered. The effects of turbulence in ground-to-ground, air-to-ground, and ground-to-air optical surveillance systems are compared.

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Case	Description	${[〈 Δ θ^{2} 〉]}^{\frac{1}{2}}_{\begin{array}{l} image \\ blurring \end{array}} (mrad)$	${[〈 Δ θ^{2} 〉]}^{\frac{1}{2}}_{\begin{array}{l} spot \\ dancing \end{array}} (mrad)$
I	Vertical path length	0.004	0.006
	R = 1 km
	Scene at altitude
	h = 1 m
	Observer at altitude
	h = 1 km

II	Vertical path length	0.006	0.004
	R = 1 km
	Scene at altitude
	h = 1 km
	Observer at altitude
	h = 1 m

III	Horizontal path length	0.02	0.02
	R = 1 km
	Scene at altitude
	h = 1 m
	Observer at altitude
	h = 1 m

		\|ΔI/I\| _receiver

Case	Description	D = 4 cm D = 40 cm
I	Vertical path length	0.41	0.06
	R = 1 km
	Scene at altitude
	h = 1 m
	Observer at altitude
	h = 1 km

II	Vertical path length	0.31	0.04
	R = 1 km
	Scene at altitude
	h = 1 km
	Observer at altitude
	h = 1 m

III	Horizontal path length	0.75	0.18
	R = 1 km
	Scene at altitude
	h = 1 m
	Observer at altitude
	h = 1 m

Case	Description	${[〈 Δ θ^{2} 〉]}^{\frac{1}{2}}_{\begin{array}{l} image \\ blurring \end{array}} (mrad)$	${[〈 Δ θ^{2} 〉]}^{\frac{1}{2}}_{\begin{array}{l} spot \\ dancing \end{array}} (mrad)$
I	Vertical path length	0.004	0.006
	R = 1 km
	Scene at altitude
	h = 1 m
	Observer at altitude
	h = 1 km

II	Vertical path length	0.006	0.004
	R = 1 km
	Scene at altitude
	h = 1 km
	Observer at altitude
	h = 1 m

III	Horizontal path length	0.02	0.02
	R = 1 km
	Scene at altitude
	h = 1 m
	Observer at altitude
	h = 1 m

		\|ΔI/I\| _receiver

Case	Description	D = 4 cm D = 40 cm
I	Vertical path length	0.41	0.06
	R = 1 km
	Scene at altitude
	h = 1 m
	Observer at altitude
	h = 1 km

II	Vertical path length	0.31	0.04
	R = 1 km
	Scene at altitude
	h = 1 km
	Observer at altitude
	h = 1 m

III	Horizontal path length	0.75	0.18
	R = 1 km
	Scene at altitude
	h = 1 m
	Observer at altitude
	h = 1 m

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Equations (34)

Applied Optics