Quantitative Assessment of Artificial Light Sources for the Best Fit to Standard Illuminant D65

A. Berger; D. Strocka

doi:10.1364/AO.12.000338

Applied Optics
Vol. 12,
Issue 2,
pp. 338-348
(1973)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.12.000338

Quantitative Assessment of Artificial Light Sources for the Best Fit to Standard Illuminant D65

A. Berger and D. Strocka

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A. Berger and D. Strocka, "Quantitative Assessment of Artificial Light Sources for the Best Fit to Standard Illuminant D65," Appl. Opt. 12, 338-348 (1973)

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Abstract

A method is proposed for the quantitative assessment of artificial light sources. Within the visible range the index of metamerism of a number of metameric sample pairs serves as a criterion for the best fit to the standard illuminant D65. For the untraviolet range the fluorescence intensity of a white sample is calculated as a test characteristic. A wide number of artificial light sources are assessed by calculation. The results are compared with assessments made by other criteria already published. The proposed method gives significant data and is therefore likely to be suitable for use in standards.

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	10°	10°	10°	2°	10°	10°	10°
	MV68	MV68	MV68	MV68	10SP	AA17	WY12
	ANS	FMC-II	CIE	ANS	ANS	ANS	ANS
Illurminant
D75	0.34	0.74	0.39	0.33	0.50	0.36	1.27
D55	0.46	1.06	0.56	0.44	0.67	0.49	1.69
C	0.20	0.46	0.24	0.22	0.28	0.22	0.96
XE1	0.31	0.94	0.47	0.34	0.41	0.40	1.27
2	0.42	1.19	0.60	0.46	0.54	0.54	1.77
3	0.28	0.81	0.41	0.32	0.37	0.36	1.20
4	0.21	0.59	0.30	0.24	0.26	0.28	0.92
5	0.18	0.37	0.19	0.22	0.23	0.26	0.92
6	0.25	0.49	0.26	0.23	0.24	0.23	0.66
7	0.30	0.76	0.37	0.31	0.43	0.36	1.04
8	0.36	1.14	0.54	0.32	0.51	0.39	1.13
9	0.26	0.67	0.34	0.30	0.35	0.34	1.25
10	0.11	0.29	0.14	0.13	0.13	0.17	0.61
11	0.26	0.67	0.32	0.28	0.37	0.32	0.96
T1	0.56	0.84	0.46	0.55	0.82	0.63	2.27
2	0.69	1.57	0.82	0.68	1.00	0.76	2.19
3	0.21	0.45	0.24	0.23	0.31	0.23	0.55
4	0.16	0.36	0.17	0.17	0.19	0.21	0.58
5	0.08	0.19	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.11	0.45
6	0.36	0.96	0.49	0.37	0.50	0.45	1.12
F1	0.47	1.18	0.60	0.45	0.66	0.53	2.45
2	0.59	1.28	0.65	0.71	0.85	0.69	2.24
3	0.67	1.49	0.81	0.62	0.95	0.64	2.43
4	0.60	1.07	0.58	0.74	0.87	0.70	2.16
5	0.45	0.93	0.48	0.56	0.63	0.51	1.80
6	0.61	1.40	0.71	0.72	0.89	0.71	2.33
7	0.53	1.35	0.66	0.60	0.75	0.60	2.20
8	0.57	1.68	0.80	0.58	0.82	0.62	2.47
9	0.55	1.56	0.74	0.58	0.79	0.60	2.44
10	0.54	1.12	0.57	0.68	0.77	0.66	1.76
11	0.69	2.06	1.00	0.69	0.97	0.80	3.39
12	0.51	0.95	0.51	0.65	0.75	0.61	2.02
13	0.64	1.91	0.94	0.70	0.89	0.62	2.58
14	0.44	1.05	0.53	0.55	0.63	0.52	1.87
15	0.53	0.89	0.49	0.67	0.76	0.63	1.94
16	0.52	i.28	0.66	0.49	0.76	0.58	1.73
17	0.40	1.06	0.50	0.49	0.55	0.46	1.99
Observer
10°/2°	1.45	3.09	1.63	—	2.15	1.51	4.62
10°/Allen	0.40	0.75	0.40	—	0.55	0.41	1.02

10SP	D75	XE9	T3	F7	F13	F17	10°/Allen
1	0.55	0.51	0.20	0.84	0.93	0.39	0.56
2	0.15	0.32	0.30	0.36	0.79	0.64	0.37
3	0.65	0.31	0.32	0.93	0.65	0.73	0.57
4	0.42	0.21	0.17	0.79	0.68	0.74	0.34
5	0.72	0.50	0.45	0.78	1.12	0.44	0.84
6	0.59	0.56	0.34	0.74	1.37	0.48	0.42
7	0.42	0.16	0.38	0.96	0.53	0.66	0.69
8	0.56	0.32	0.41	0.68	1.49	0.40	0.66
9	0.40	0.22	0.21	0.61	0.45	0.59	0.37
10	0.56	0.41	0.30	0.83	0.90	0.45	0.65
Mean index of metamerism	0.50	0.35	0.31	0.75	0.89	0.55	0.55

Color Difference Formulas
10°/MV68/ANS-FMC-II	0.174
10°/MV68/ANS-CIE	0.143
10°/MV68/FMC-II-CIE	0.047
2°/MV68/ANS-FMC-II	0.182
2°/MV68/ANS-CIE	0.145
2°/MV68/FMC-II-CIE	0.047
Observer
MV68/ANS/10°-2°	0.102
MV68/FMC-II/10°-2°	0.082
MV68/CIE/10°-2°	0.093
10SP/ANS/10°-2°	0.105
AA17/ANS/10°-2°	0.096
WY12/ANS/10°-2°	0.056
Sample Sets
10°/ANS/MV68-10SP	0.090
10°/FMC-II/MV68-10SP	0.066
10°/CIE/MV68-10SP	0.074
10°/ANS/MV68-AA17	0.107
10°/FMC-II/MV68-AA17	0.103
10°/CIE/MV68-AA17	0.119
10°/ANS/MV68-WY12	0.183

	〈d〉	〈e〉	σ_N	100 − R_a
10°/MV68/ANS	0.357	0.295	0.466	0.641
10°/MV68/FMC-II	0.405	0.327	0.497	0.580
10°/MV68/CIE	0.396	0.324	0.495	0.600
10°/WY12/ANS	0.324	0.255	0.407	0.493
〈d〉		0.124	0.159	0.696
〈e〉			0.231	0.693
σ_N				0.675

Light source	ΔC2 10° ANS	ΔC2 10° FMC-II	ΔC2 10°CIE	ΔC2 2°ANS	ΔC1 10° ANS	ΔE1 10° ANS
D65	14.2	24.4	13.3	15.7	17.8	17.9
D75	16.5	27.8	16.1	18.4	20.5	20.6
D55	11.3	19.6	9.9	12.3	14.4	14.4
C	6.2	12.0	6.0	7.2	9.6	9.7
XE1	23.1	37.9	22.2	25.0	26.8	26.9
2	23.3	38.5	22.5	25.2	27.0	27.1
3	15.6	27.2	14.7	17.1	19.3	19.4
4	16.8	28.9	16.1	18.4	20.5	20.6
5	14.5	25.2	13.7	15.9	18.1	18.2
6	17.2	29.1	16.3	19.1	21.4	21.5
7	—	—	—	—	—	—
8	—	—	—	—	—	—
9	15.9	27.2	14.8	17.2	19.3	19.4
10	14.7	25.6	14.1	16.2	18.4	18.5
11	15.3	25.9	14.2	16.7	18.8	18.8
T1	1.8	3.2	1.4	2.3	4.1	4.1
2	7.4	14.3	7.4	8.8	11.6	11.6
3	8.3	15.3	7.8	9.4	11.9	12.0
4	11.8	20.7	10.8	13.1	15.4	15.5
5	11.4	20.1	10.6	12.6	14.9	15.0
6	8.1	14.9	7.5	9.2	11.8	11.8
F1	13.0	22.0	10.9	13.9	15.8	15.9
2	12.1	21.4	11.5	13.3	15.4	15.4
3	—	—	—	—	—	—
4	20.5	33.6	20.4	22.7	24.1	24.2
5	18.6	30.8	18.1	20.4	22.0	22.2
6	21.5	35.5	21.1	23.6	25.1	25.2
7	19.3	32.2	18.5	21.0	22.7	22.8
8	9.4	16.6	8.2	10.2	12.1	12.2
9	5.5	10.1	4.8	6.2	8.2	8.3
10	5.7	11.0	5.6	6.6	8.9	8.9
11	—	—	—	—	—	—
12	—	—	—	—	—	—
13	16.9	28.0	15.5	18.1	19.7	19.8
14	—	—	—	—	—	—
15	—	—	—	—	—	—
16	15.7	26.7	15.3	17.5	19.6	19.7
17	6.8	12.5	6.2	7.5	9.6	9.6

nm	1/1	1/2	2/1	2/2	3/1	3/2	4/1	4/2	5/1	5/2	6/1	6/2	7/1	7/2	8/1	8/2	9/1	9/2	10/1	10/2
400	4.8	2.9	8.0	7.4	10.6	6.6	4.4	2.9	29.8	39.7	10.0	11.7	10.6	17.3	22.4	32.4	5.5	7.4	20.5	26.8
10	4.3	2.7	8.7	7.4	10.2	6.4	4.0	2.8	30.0	39.7	8.6	10.1	10.9	17.7	23.0	32.2	5.6	7.8	20.4	27.3
20	4.0	2.6	8.9	7.5	9.8	6.5	3.7	2.7	.31.1	39.6	7.6	8.8	12.0	18.2	24.8	32.2	6.2	8.5	20.5	26.8
30	3.7	2.6	8.5	7.6	9.5	6.6	3.5	2.6	32.6	39.2	7.0	8.0	13.6	18.3	27.4	32.2	7.4	9.4	20.8	25.5
40	3.5	2.6	7.8	7.6	9.2	7.0	3.3	2.7	34.6	38.0	6.7	7.4	15.6	17.9	30.3	32.1	9.0	10.6	21.4	24.0
50	3.4	2.9	7.0	7.4	9.0	8.0	3.2	2.8	36.9	36.7	6.7	7.3	17.6	17.1	33.0	31.9	11.0	11.5	22.4	22.3
60	3.6	3.3	6.3	7.0	8.9	9.6	3.2	3.1	39.1	35.5	7.2	7.1	19.1	16.2	34.9	31.7	12.9	11.9	23.3	20.9
70	3.9	4.4	5.7	6.4	9.1	12.1	3.4	3.9	40.1	34.0	8.0	7.2	19.7	15.3	35.3	31.0	14.4	12.0	23.8	19.7
80	4.5	6.8	5.2	5.7	9.6	15.2	3.8	5.6	39.6	32.6	9.5	7.7	19.1	14.6	33.7	30.0	14.9	12.0	24.1	18.8
90	5.8	10.4	4.8	4.8	10.4	17.1	4.5	7.7	37.6	31.2	11.5	8.5	17.4	14.1	30.9	27.9	14.5	11.7	23.9	17.9
500	7.7	13.6	4.4	4.2	11.6	17.2	5.5	9.2	34.8	29.9	13.6	9.7	15.5	13.8	27.8	25.5	13.4	11.2	22.8	17.5
10	10.2	15.3	4.1	3.6	13.3	15.8	7.0	9.5	31.3	28.6	14.8	11.1	13.7	13.6	24.7	23.2	12.1	11.2	21.5	17.9
20	12.7	15.7	3.8	3.2	14.9	14.0	8.6	9.0	28.3	27.6	15.0	12.6	12.2	13.1	21.5	21.2	10.9	11.0	21.0	18.9
30	15.1	16.1	3.6	3.0	15.6	12.9	9.7	8.7	26.2	26.5	14.4	13.9	11.0	12.4	19.0	19.4	10.0	10.6	20.9	20.2
40	17.4	16.8	3.4	2.9	15.3	12.1	10.4	8.5	24.1	25.6	13.3	15.0	10.5	12.3	17.6	18.1	9.4	10.4	20.9	22.1
50	19.8	17.7	3.2	3.0	14.5	11.5	10.7	8.4	22.0	25.1	12.5	15.8	10.5	12.3	16.4	17.1	8.9	10.5	21.9	24.9
60	23.0	19.3	3.1	3.1	13.6	11.4	10.6	8.5	20.8	24.8	12.2	15.7	10.5	11.7	14.5	16.6	8.6	10.5	24.9	29.1
70	27.6	22.3	3.1	3.3	12.6	11.5	10.1	9.1	20.8	24.3	12.0	14.3	10.7	11.1	13.3	16.1	8.4	9.7	30.0	34.8
80	33.6	27.5	3.3	4.0	11.8	11.8	9.6	9.6	20.8	23.4	11.4	12.2	12.0	11.9	13.7	15.4	8.5	8.6	36.7	41.6
90	40.1	34.7	3.7	5.3	11.2	12.4	9.0	10.0	20.4	22.9	10.3	10.3	15.6	14.9	14.8	15.0	8.8	8.0	44.1	48.3
600	45.9	43.4	4.6	7.1	11.1	12.9	8.9	10.4	20.3	23.0	8.6	8.9	21.4	19.8	14.9	16.1	9.2	8.0	51.5	53.5
10	50.1	52.3	6.1	8.5	11.2	13.3	9.0	10.5	22.0	23.4	7.1	7.7	28.5	25.6	14.1	17.8	9.6	8.3	59.0	57.0
20	52.8	59.2	8.2	9.1	11.4	13.3	9.2	10.5	25.6	22.9	6.5	6.4	33.3	31.3	14.4	17.7	9.6	8.0	65.4	59.2
30	54.4	64.0	10.9	8.9	11.5	13.3	9.2	10.4	29.8	22.1	7.1	5.3	34.2	36.3	18.1	16.0	9.6	7.8	70.2	60.8
40	55.7	66.9	13.3	8.6	11.9	13.5	9.6	10.6	33.7	22.1	9.2	4.9	34.5	40.2	26.1	15.3	9.8	8.2	73.6	62.0
50	56.7	69.3	15.6	8.5	13.2	14.2	10.9	11.1	39.1	23.7	13.8	5.4	39.1	43.4	38.8	18.6	10.9	10.3	76.0	63.4
60	57.9	71.9	17.7	8.7	15.7	15.7	13.4	12.3	47.6	27.8	21.1	7.2	48.7	46.3	52.5	26.4	13.1	14.7	78.0	65.6
70	59.2	74.7	20.1	8.7	19.7	18.2	17.7	14.3	58.9	34.7	30.7	10.9	60.9	49.7	63.6	38.9	16.8	21.9	79.6	68.1
80	60.5	77.8	23.6	8.4	24.8	21.9	22.8	17.3	70.2	43.6	42.0	16.8	72.1	53.8	70.0	53.0	22.2	31.7	81.4	71.5
90	62.1	80.7	27.9	8.4	30.3	26.3	27.5	21.1	78.7	53.5	52.8	24.7	80.3	57.9	73.0	65.4	29.3	42.8	83.0	75.1
700	63.7	83.0	32.6	8.6	35.6	31.3	31.6	25.5	83.5	62.5	62.2	33.5	84.9	61.6	74.1	74.2	37.8	52.6	84.4	78.4
ΔE_ANS	0.01		0.05		0.06		0.08		0.02		0.04		0.07		0.32		0.06		0.04

λ	R(λ)	G(λ)	λ	R(λ)	G(λ)	λ′	Q(λ′)Δλ′
400	0.268	0.011	560	0.958	0.007	300	0.227
410	0.428	0.096	570	0.958	0.005	310	0.239
420	0.732	0.203	580	0.958	0.004	320	0.258
430	0.892	0.292	590	0.960	0.003	330	0.278
440	0.936	0.319	600	0.960	0.002	340	0.295
450	0.942	0.261	610	0.960	0.002	350	0.308
460	0.942	0.216	620	0.962	0.001	360	0.317
470	0.946	0.176	630	0.962	0.001	370	0.323
480	0.946	0.125	640	0.962	0.001	380	0.325
490	0.950	0.088	650	0.966	0.000	390	0.314
500	0.950	0.067	660	0.966		400	0.291
510	0.952	0.046	670	0.966		410	0.232
520	0.954	0.032	680	0.966		420	0.106
530	0.954	0.022	690	0.966		430	0.032
540	0.956	0.013	700	0.970		440	0.000
550	0.956	0.010

Abstract

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Figures (9)

Tables (7)

Equations (4)

Applied Optics