Comparative Performance of Color-Measuring Instruments; Second Report

Fred W. Billmeyer; Ellen D. Campbell; Robert T. Marcus

doi:10.1364/AO.13.001510

Applied Optics
Vol. 13,
Issue 6,
pp. 1510-1518
(1974)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.13.001510

Comparative Performance of Color-Measuring Instruments; Second Report

Fred W. Billmeyer, Ellen D. Campbell, and Robert T. Marcus

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Fred W. Billmeyer, Ellen D. Campbell, and Robert T. Marcus, "Comparative Performance of Color-Measuring Instruments; Second Report," Appl. Opt. 13, 1510-1518 (1974)

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Abstract

The comparative performance of twelve different late-model color-measuring instruments was studied for precision (short-term repeatability) and conformance of color measurement and color-difference measurement. The instruments tested included four true and two abridged spectrophotometers and six colorimeters, all being integrating-sphere instruments except three 45°/0° colorimeters. All the colorimeters were individually calibrated for close conformance to CIE coordinates. Forty-four samples taken from the group studied in the previous paper were measured three times on each instrument, by three different well-trained operators. Again, a GE spectrophotometer was considered the reference instrument for conformance studies. Overall, the GE spectrophotometer, the Hunterlab D25D colorimeter, and the Koll-morgen KCS-18 and KCS-40 abridged spectrophotometers demonstrated the best performance. Statistical treatment of the data has been improved vastly since the earlier paper, and some recalculated results are included.

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	Mean $\bar{x}$ and standard deviation s for samples of

Instrument No.	Group I		Group II		Group III		Group IV		All groups

	$\bar{x}$	s	$\bar{x}$	s	$\bar{x}$	s	$\bar{x}$	s	$\bar{x}$	s
R	0.16	0.16	0.21	0.18	0.14	0.15	0.15	0.16	0.16	0.16
1	1.09	1.16	1.42	1.34	1.13	1.21	1.02	1.13	1.14	1.19
2	0.39	0.49	0.30	0.21	0.33	0.46	0.37	0.48	0.35	0.44
3A	0.65	0.44	0.74	0.45	0.55	0.43	0.61	0.44	0.62	0.44
3B	0.87	0.53	0.99	0.60	0.75	0.53	0.81	0.55	0.83	0.55
4	0.32	0.44	0.41	0.52	0.27	0.40	0.30	0.42	0.32	0.43
5	0.30	0.27	0.27	0.25	0.29	0.32	0.25	0.26	0.27	0.28
6	0.11	0.15	0.14	0.18	0.09	0.14	0.10	0.15	0.11	0.15
7	0.32	0.49	0.22	0.21	0.28	0.44	0.31	0.48	0.29	0.44
8	0.65	0.68	0.74	0.78	0.63	0.62	0.62	0.65	0.65	0.66
9	1.25	1.05	1.52	1.22	1.12	0.97	1.20	1.02	1.24	1.04
10	1.26	1.06	1.57	1.13	1.10	1.00	1.18	1.05	1.23	1.05
11	1.22	1.03	1.58	1.13	1.04	0.98	1.14	1.02	1.20	1.03
12	0.35	0.37	0.30	0.20	0.31	0.34	0.34	0.36	0.33	0.34
13	0.22	0.13	0.25	0.14	0.22	0.11	0.22	0.12	0.22	0.12
14	0.90	0.45	0.83	0.43	0.85	0.49	0.94	0.46	0.88	0.46

	Mean $\bar{x}$ and standard deviation s for samples of:

Instrument No.	Group I		Group II		Group III		Group IV		All groups

	$\bar{x}$	s	$\bar{x}$	s	$\bar{x}$	s	$\bar{x}$	s	$\bar{x}$	s
R	0.00	0.13	0.00	0.15	0.00	0.12	0.00	0.13	0.00	0.13
1	2.46	0.68	3.16	0.78	2.23	0.70	2.35	0.66	2.47	0.70
2	2.10	0.30	2.65	0.16	1.78	0.28	1.95	0.29	2.04	0.27
3A	3.93	0.27	4.52	0.28	3.53	0.26	3.73	0.27	3.84	0.27
3B	4.98	0.32	5.79	0.36	4.49	0.32	4.74	0.33	4.89	0.33
4	5.42	0.27	6.37	0.32	4.63	0.24	5.09	0.26	5.23	0.27
5	3.51	0.18	4.07	0.18	3.10	0.20	3.34	0.18	3.42	0.19
6	1.75	0.13	2.06	0.15	1.46	0.12	1.62	0.12	1.67	0.13
7	1.99	0.30	2.32	0.16	1.73	0.27	1.86	0.29	1.92	0.27
8	4.26	0.40	4.86	0.46	4.06	0.36	4.11	0.39	4.25	0.39
9	1.84	0.61	2.36	0.71	1.86	0.56	1.83	0.60	1.93	0.61
10	2.47	0.62	3.11	0.66	2.36	0.58	2.46	0.61	2.53	0.61
11	2.60	0.60	3.37	0.66	2.80	0.57	2.62	0.60	2.79	0.60
12	2.11	0.24	2.40	0.16	2.15	0.22	2.13	0.23	2.18	0.21
13	2.77	0.12	3.17	0.13	2.58	0.11	2.68	0.11	2.75	0.12
14	22.92	0.28	26.46	0.27	19.15	0.30	21.43	0.28	21.88	0.28

Instrument No.	Mean $\bar{x}$	Spread S	Standard deviation s
R	0.00	0.00	0.18
1	−0.14	1.05	0.98
2	−0.14	0.38	0.38
3A	0.21	0.30	0.38
3B	0.17	1.33	0.46
4	−0.23	0.55	0.38
5	−0.02	0.47	0.26
6	−0.09	0.47	0.18
7	−0.07	0.52	0.38
8	−0.26	0.56	0.56
9	−0.12	0.43	0.86
10	0.20	0.62	0.86
11	−0.27	0.37	0.85
12	−0.19	0.50	0.30
13	0.24	0.48	0.16
14	0.95	1.48	0.40

	Mean $\bar{x}$ , standard deviation s, and figure of conformance F for

Instrument No.	Precision			Color difference			Over-all F

	$\bar{x}$	s	F	\| $\bar{x}$ \|	s	F
R	0.16	0.16	0.32	0.00	0.18	0.18	0.51
1	1.14	1.19	2.32	0.14	0.98	1.12	3.46
2	0.35	0.44	0.79	0.14	0.38	0.52	1.31
3A	0.62	0.44	1.06	0.21	0.38	0.59	1.65
3B	0.83	0.55	1.38	0.17	0.46	0.64	2.02
4	0.32	0.43	0.75	0.23	0.38	0.61	1.36
5	0.27	0.28	0.55	0.02	0.26	0.28	0.84
6	0.11	0.15	0.26	0.09	0.18	0.27	0.53
7	0.29	0.44	0.73	0.07	0.38	0.45	1.18
8	0.65	0.66	1.31	0.26	0.56	0.81	2.12
9	1.24	1.04	2.28	0.12	0.86	0.98	3.26
10	1.24	1.05	2.28	0.20	0.86	1.06	3.35
11	1.20	1.03	2.23	0.27	0.85	1.12	3.35
12	0.33	0.34	0.66	0.19	0.30	0.49	1.16
13	0.22	0.12	0.34	0.24	0.16	0.41	0.7.5
14	0.88	0.46	1.34	0.95	0.40	1.35	2.69

	Mean $\bar{x}$ and standard deviation s for samples of

Instrument No.	Group I		Group II		Group III		Group IV		All groups

	$\bar{x}$	s	$\bar{x}$	s	$\bar{x}$	s	$\bar{x}$	s	$\bar{x}$	s
R	0.16	0.16	0.21	0.18	0.14	0.15	0.15	0.16	0.16	0.16
1	1.09	1.16	1.42	1.34	1.13	1.21	1.02	1.13	1.14	1.19
2	0.39	0.49	0.30	0.21	0.33	0.46	0.37	0.48	0.35	0.44
3A	0.65	0.44	0.74	0.45	0.55	0.43	0.61	0.44	0.62	0.44
3B	0.87	0.53	0.99	0.60	0.75	0.53	0.81	0.55	0.83	0.55
4	0.32	0.44	0.41	0.52	0.27	0.40	0.30	0.42	0.32	0.43
5	0.30	0.27	0.27	0.25	0.29	0.32	0.25	0.26	0.27	0.28
6	0.11	0.15	0.14	0.18	0.09	0.14	0.10	0.15	0.11	0.15
7	0.32	0.49	0.22	0.21	0.28	0.44	0.31	0.48	0.29	0.44
8	0.65	0.68	0.74	0.78	0.63	0.62	0.62	0.65	0.65	0.66
9	1.25	1.05	1.52	1.22	1.12	0.97	1.20	1.02	1.24	1.04
10	1.26	1.06	1.57	1.13	1.10	1.00	1.18	1.05	1.23	1.05
11	1.22	1.03	1.58	1.13	1.04	0.98	1.14	1.02	1.20	1.03
12	0.35	0.37	0.30	0.20	0.31	0.34	0.34	0.36	0.33	0.34
13	0.22	0.13	0.25	0.14	0.22	0.11	0.22	0.12	0.22	0.12
14	0.90	0.45	0.83	0.43	0.85	0.49	0.94	0.46	0.88	0.46

Abstract

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Tables (4)

Equations (6)

Applied Optics