Optical Coatings for High Energy ZnSe Laser Windows

J. E. Rudisill; M. Braunstein; A. I. Braunstein

doi:10.1364/AO.13.002075

Applied Optics
Vol. 13,
Issue 9,
pp. 2075-2080
(1974)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.13.002075

Optical Coatings for High Energy ZnSe Laser Windows

J. E. Rudisill, M. Braunstein, and A. I. Braunstein

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J. E. Rudisill, M. Braunstein, and A. I. Braunstein, "Optical Coatings for High Energy ZnSe Laser Windows," Appl. Opt. 13, 2075-2080 (1974)

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Abstract

The development of surface finishing and coating technology at 10.6 μm for polycrystalline ZnSe laser windows is presented. Optical evaluation of the coated windows shows that the 10.6-μm absorption and reflection can be held to less than 0.1% per surface. Surface finishing procedures, theoretical coating designs, and recent experimental results for antireflection coatings for ZnSe are presented.

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Coating material		Optical thicknesses, wavelengths		Absorption per coated surface, %
Layer 1	Layer 2	Layer 1	Layer 1	Absorption per coated surface, %
ThF₄	—	0.250	—	0.03
BaF₂	ZnS	0.138	0.059	0.07
ThF₄	ZnSe	0.132	0.052	0.02
ThF₄	ZnS	0.126	0.065	0.03

10.6-μm optical constants

	ZnSe	ThF₄	BaF₂	ZnS

n	2.42	1.35	1.395	2.16
k	1 × 10⁻⁴	1 ×10⁻⁴	5 × 10⁻⁴	2 × 10⁻⁴

Specification	Requirement	Achieved
Surface flatness peak-to-peak	λ/20	<λ/60
Parallelism between faces	±20 sec of arc	<±1 sec of arc
Optical absorption at 10.6 μm	0.005 cm⁻¹	<0.002 cm⁻¹

Coating design	Optical thicknesses, wavelengths	Absorption per surface, %		Reflectance per surface, %
Coating design	Optical thicknesses, wavelengths	Predicted	Achieved	Predicted	Achieved
ThF₄	0.250	0.03	0.08	1.98	2.20
BaF₂/ZnS	0.138/0.059	0.07	0.11	0	0.23
ThF₄/ZnSe	0.132/0.052	0.02	0.03	0	0.03
ThF₄/ZnS	0.126/0.065	0.03	0.06	0	0.02

Coating design	Environmental tests
Coating design	Adherence	Humidity	Salt spray	Abrasion
ThF₄	P	P	P	F
BaF₂/ZnS	P	F	—	F
ThF₄/ZnSe	P	P	P	F
ThF₄/ZnS	P	P	P	F

Specification	Achieved
Surface flatness, peak to peak	<λ/60
Parallelism of faces	±1 sec of arc
Absorption coefficient of window blank	<0.002 cm⁻¹
Absorption per coated surface	0.03%
Reflectance per coated surface	0.03%
Scattered light per surface	<0.1%

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Applied Optics