The effects of curvature and anisotropy (leaky-mode) losses on the performance of geodesic lenses in Ti-diffused waveguides in LiNbO₃ are examined. A model for the lenses is developed that is equivalent to the usual Fraunhofer diffraction theory, modified to account for the path-dependent losses. Numerical calculations show that the curvature losses are dominant and require fabrication of waveguides having well-confined fundamental modes. Higher-order modes are effectively attenuated by the lenses. The leaky-mode losses have the beneficial effect of reducing the side-lobe intensity in the focal plane.

© 1980 Optical Society of America

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