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Graded-index surface or buried waveguides by ion exchange in glass

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Abstract

Graded-index surface or buried waveguides have been realized by thermal or electrically induced ionic exchange in glass. Deep waveguides can be obtained up to 200 μm when Li+ ions are used. Using Ag+ ions, buried waveguides can be obtained with a maximum index at 80 μm into the substrate. Typical losses for these devices are 0.5 dB/cm. Maximum index variations can be tuned from 0 to 0.11.

© 1980 Optical Society of America

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