Table I
Correlation Coefficients Between the Features
| α1 | α2 | α3 | α4 | α5 | α6 | α7 | α8 | α9 |
---|
α1 | 100 | 27 | −15 | 65 | −25 | 7 | −33 | −30 | −29 |
α2 | 27 | 100 | 27 | 4 | 53 | −45 | 44 | 30 | 25 |
α3 | −15 | 27 | 100 | −19 | 54 | −15 | 20 | 18 | 20 |
α4 | 65 | 4 | −19 | 100 | −27 | −33 | 37 | 38 | 44 |
α5 | −25 | 53 | 54 | −27 | 100 | 59 | −66 | −76 | −70 |
α6 | 7 | −45 | −15 | −33 | 59 | 100 | −80 | −80 | −76 |
α7 | −33 | 44 | 20 | 37 | −66 | −80 | 100 | 82 | 81 |
α8 | −30 | 30 | 18 | 38 | −76 | −80 | 82 | 100 | 94 |
α9 | −29 | 25 | 20 | 44 | −70 | −76 | 81 | 94 | 100 |
Table II
Classification Results for Ten Patterns Shown in Fig. 4 by Using Three Features (α1, α2, and α3) Obtained only by Digital Image Processing; the (?) Column Shows Numbers of Undecided Judgments
True class | Estimated class |
---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | (?) |
---|
1 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 |
2 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 |
5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 |
6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
Table III
Classification Results for Ten Patterns Shown in Fig. 4 by Using Three Features (α4, α5, and α6) Obtained only by Analog Image Processing; the (?) Column Shows Numbers of Undecided Judgments
True class | Estimated class |
---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | (?) |
---|
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 32 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | 1 |
Table IV
Classification Results for Ten Patterns Shown in Fig. 4 by the Hybrid Method [by Using the Features αj (j = 1–6)]; the (?) Column Shows Numbers of Undecided Judgments
True class | Estimated class |
---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4. | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | (?) |
---|
1 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
2 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
Table V
Classification Results for Components of an Electromagnetic Relay Shown in Fig. 5 by Means of the Hybrid Method; the (?) Column Shows Numbers of Undecided Judgments
True class | Estimated class |
---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | (?) |
---|
1 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
Table VI
Classification Results for Twenty Patterns Shown in Fig. 6 by Means of the Hybrid Method; the (?) Column Shows Numbers of Undecided Judgments
True class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | (?) |
---|
1 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
2 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 25 |
20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 |