Volume reflection holograms with multiple gratings: an experimental
and theoretical evaluation

Raymond K. Kostuk; Joseph W. Goodman; Lambertus Hesselink

doi:10.1364/AO.25.004362

Applied Optics
Vol. 25,
Issue 23,
pp. 4362-4369
(1986)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.25.004362

Volume reflection holograms with multiple gratings: an experimental and theoretical evaluation

Raymond K. Kostuk, Joseph W. Goodman, and Lambertus Hesselink

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Raymond K. Kostuk, Joseph W. Goodman, and Lambertus Hesselink, "Volume reflection holograms with multiple gratings: an experimental and theoretical evaluation," Appl. Opt. 25, 4362-4369 (1986)

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Abstract

A coupled wave model for two multiplexed reflection holograms recorded in a volume material is presented. Both simultaneously and sequentially formed gratings are evaluated. The effects of a strong intermodulation grating, the thickness change with emulsion processing, and the construction geometry on the desired diffraction orders are investigated over a range of reconstruction angles. The model results are compared with experimental data from holograms formed in bleached photographic emulsions.

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Average refractive-index unprocessed plate	n₀ = 1.64
Average refractive-index after processing	n₀ = 1.64
Average absorption	α = 0.048/μm
Thickness change with processing	Δd = 0.085 μm
Nominal thickness	d = 6.0 μm
Single-grating efficiencies and refractive-index modulation
Simultaneous	Sequential
η₁ = 18%	η₁ = 15%
η₂ = 18%	η₁ = 13%
η₃ = 21%
n₁ = 0.0202	n₁ = 0.0185
n₂ = 0.0202	n₂ = 0.0170
n₃ = 0.0230

Model parameters
Exposure	E₀ = 400 μJ/cm²
Average absorption	α = 0.035/μm
Thickness change	Δd = 0.0 μm
Formation geometries
(A) θ_R = −1°; θ_S₁ = 150°; θ_S₂ = 210°
(B) θ_R = −1°; θ_S₁ = 170°; θ_S₂ = 210°
Sequential	Simultaneous
n_i = 0.0178	n_i = 0.0202; i = 1,2,3
(A) η_i = 14.6%	η_i = 15.9%
(B) η₁ = 14.2%	η₁ = 15.4%
η₂ = 14.7%	η₂ = 16.0%

Developer
(A) (1) 10 g of catechol; (2) 10 g of sodium sulfite; (3) 500 mliter of distilled water.	(B) (1) 30 g of sodium carbonate; (2) 500 mliter of distilled water.
Bleach stock: (1) 35 g of potassium bromide; (2) 1.5 g of boric acid; (3) 1.0 liter of distilled water; (4) 30 min to an hour before processing add 0.5 g of Pbq to 250 mliter of the bleach stock solution. Pbq is highly toxic and must be handled with caution. Rubber gloves and a fume hood should be used when mixing and bleaching with this substance.
Processing procedure: (1) Develop plates for 2 min. (2) Run water wash for 2 min [20°C (68°F)]. (3) Bleach until clear +30 s. (4) Run water wash for 5 min (20°C). (5) Wash 2 min in distilled water with photoflo. (6) Air dry with plates vertically positioned.

Average refractive-index unprocessed plate	n₀ = 1.64
Average refractive-index after processing	n₀ = 1.64
Average absorption	α = 0.048/μm
Thickness change with processing	Δd = 0.085 μm
Nominal thickness	d = 6.0 μm
Single-grating efficiencies and refractive-index modulation
Simultaneous	Sequential
η₁ = 18%	η₁ = 15%
η₂ = 18%	η₁ = 13%
η₃ = 21%
n₁ = 0.0202	n₁ = 0.0185
n₂ = 0.0202	n₂ = 0.0170
n₃ = 0.0230

Model parameters
Exposure	E₀ = 400 μJ/cm²
Average absorption	α = 0.035/μm
Thickness change	Δd = 0.0 μm
Formation geometries
(A) θ_R = −1°; θ_S₁ = 150°; θ_S₂ = 210°
(B) θ_R = −1°; θ_S₁ = 170°; θ_S₂ = 210°
Sequential	Simultaneous
n_i = 0.0178	n_i = 0.0202; i = 1,2,3
(A) η_i = 14.6%	η_i = 15.9%
(B) η₁ = 14.2%	η₁ = 15.4%
η₂ = 14.7%	η₂ = 16.0%

Abstract

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Figures (8)

Tables (3)

Equations (16)

Applied Optics