The absolute (photometric) calibration of the Halley Multicolour Camera (HMC) is described. HMC, prior to its observations of comet Halley on 13–14 Mar. 1986, imaged several stars and planets. The fluxes from the objects and the observed signals in digital units (DU) have been computed. A spectrally independent measure of the response of the instrument has been determined. This value has been used to derive conversion factors from DU to mW m−2 sr−1 and reflectivities for all HMC configurations.
F. Giovane, G. Eichhorn, J. McKisson, J. L. Weinberg, A. Weisenberger, P. Lamy, A. Llebaria, M. Detaille, A. C. Levasseur-Regourd, and J. M. Le Blanc Appl. Opt. 30(18) 2579-2591 (1991)
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Each Superpixel Format (SPF) Describes a Particular Type of Binning Pixel
Superpixel format
Binning
0
1 × 1
1
2 × 2
2
4 × 4
3
8 × 8
4
16 × 16
5
4 × 3
Table II
Data Used for the Absolute Calibration of HMC
Date
Time
Filt
Image No
S
G
Object
SPFS
TDI [μs]
Temp [C]
Number of images in each format
Rem
12-10
0609–0610
Cl
739-754
C
1/4
Vega
0/5
816.75
−15.5
D14,Q2
#
12-10
0610–0620
Cl
755-909
C
1/4
Vega
0/3/4/5
43.00/898.00
−15.3
A9,D10,F10,G16,H8,J10,N8,P24,Q10
*#
12-10
0614–0620
PII
827-899
C
1
Vega
5
43.00/898.00
−15.3
Q2
12-10
0614–0620
P-
829-901
C
1
Vega
5
1062.30/860.25
−15.3
Q2
12-10
0614–0620
Ct1
831-903
C
1
Vega
5
1010.30/816.75
−15.3
Q2
12-10
0614–0620
Ct2
833-905
C
1
Vega
5
950.0/785.50
−15.3
Q2
12-10
0711–0712
Cl
1655-1670
C
1/4
α Boo
0/5
816.75
−14.0
D14,Q2
#
12-10
0712–0715
Cl
1671-1703
C
1/4
α Boo
0/3/4/5
22.25
−14.0
A2,D6,F2,G2,H1,J2,N1,P6,Q4
#
12-10
0720–0721
Cl
1772-1787
C
1/4
π Her
0/5
816.75
−13.8
D14,Q2
#
12-10
0721–0724
Cl
1788-1828
C
1/4
π Her
0/3/4/5
238.25
−13.8
A3,D6,F2,G4,H2,J2,N2,P6,Q4
#
12-10
0729-
Sh
1905-
C
4
η Her
0
816.75
−13.7
D1
#
12-10
0729–0730
Cl
1906-1921
C
1/4
η Her
0/5
816.75
−13.7
D13,Q3
#
12-10
0731–0733
Cl
1922-1955
C
1/4
η Her
0/3/4/5
143.75
−13.7
A2,D6,F2,G3,H1,J2,N1,P6,Q3
#
12-10
0738–0739
Cl
2031-2045
C
1/4
ce Her
0/5
816.75
−13.7
D13,Q2
#
12-10
0739–0842
Cl
2046-2118
C
1/4
ce Her
0/3/4/5
155.25
−13.7
A4,D7,F4,G8,H4,J4,N4,P12,Q6
#
12-10
0821–0822
Cl
2665-2679
C
1/4
ρ Her
0/5
816.75
−13.1
D13,Q2
#
12-10
0822–0825
Cl
2680-2723
C
1/4
ρ Her
0/3/4/5
161.50
−13.1
A3,D7,F2,G4,H2,J2,N2,P7,Q4
#
12-10
0832–0833
Cl
2814-2829
C
1/4
ξ UrM
0/5
816.75
−13.0
D14,Q2
#
12-10
0833–0835
Cl
2830-2860
C
1/4
ξ UrM
0/3/4/5
21.25
−13.0
A2,D6,F1,G2,H1,J2,N1,P5,Q4
#
30-12
0213
Sh
3740
C
4
α Oph
0
520.25
15.0
D1
30-12
0213–0214
Cl
3741-3769
C
1/4
α Oph
0/5
520.25
15.0
D24,P5
#
30-12
0214–0222
All
3770-3866
C
1/4
α Oph
0/3/4/5
520.25
15.0
A6,D2,F7,G10,H5,J7,N5,P18,Q10
$#
30-12
0232–0253
Cl
4203-4317
E
1/4
α Oph
0/3/4/5
520.25
15.0
A8,D27,F9,G14,H7,J9,N7,P24, Q16
#
31-12
0145–0207
All
3718-4039
C
1/4
α Oph
0/5
1020.50
16.0
A16,B5,D8,F5,J5,Q55
#
03-02
2309–2310
Cl
2469-2487
C
1
Jupiter
5
816.00
9.4
Q19
03-02
2310–2355
Cl/Sh
2488-3153
C
1/4
Jupiter
0/1/5
19.50
9.6
D479,L33,Q79
04-02
0003–0004
Cl
3475-3291
C
1
Venus
5
816.00
9.6
Q17
04-02
0004–0023
Cl/Sh
3292-3577
C
1/4
Venus
0/1/5
17.25
9.8
D159,L8,Q35
#
04-02
0023–0039
Red
3579-3806
B
4
Venus
1
17.25
10.0
K228
04-02
0023–0039
Cl
3579-3806
C
4
Venus
1
17.25
10.0
K228
04-02
0023–0039
Bl
3579-3806
D
4
Venus
1
17.25
10.0
K228
04-02
0023–0039
Cl
3579-3806
E
4
Venus
0
17.25
10.0
C228
10-02
0055–0057
Cl
3192-3221
C
1
α Aql
5
784.75
8.7
Q30
10-02
0057–0103
All
3222-3299
C
1/4
α Aql
0/3/4/5
784.75
8.7
A5,D2,F5,G8,H4,J6,N4,P13,Q9
10-02
0119–0121
Cl
3395-3424
C
1
α Aql
5
784.75
8.7
Q30
10-02
0121–0125
All
3425-3492
C
1/4
α Aql
0/3/4/5
784.75
8.7
A4,D1,F4,G8,H4,J5,N4,P12,Q6
15-02
2321–2334
Red
1755-1955
B
4
Jupiter
1
23.25
3.4
K201
15-02
2321–2334
Cl
1755-1955
C
4
Jupiter
0
23.25
3.4
C201
15-02
2321–2334
Bl
1755-1955
D
4
Jupiter
1
23.25
3.4
K201
15-02
2321–2334
Cl
1755-1955
E
4
Jupiter
1
23.25
3.4
K201
05-03
0109–0128
Red
3969-4250
B
4
Jupiter
1
39.25
−1.5
K282
05-03
0109–0128
Cl
3969-4250
C
4
Jupiter
0
39.25
−1.5
C282
05-03
0109–0128
BI
3969-4250
D
4
Jupiter
1
39.25
−1.5
K282
05-03
0109–0128
Cl
3969-4250
E
4
Jupiter
1
39.25
−1.5
K282
05-03
0155–0214
Red
4642-4936
B
4
Jupiter
1
39.25
−1.2
K295
05-03
0155–0214
Cl
4642-4936
C
4
Jupiter
1
39.25
−1.2
K295
05-03
0155–0214
BI
4642-4936
D
4
Jupiter
1
39.25
−1.2
K295
05-03
0155–0214
Cl
4642-4936
E
4
Jupiter
0
39.25
−1.2
C295
12-03
2048–2101
Ct2/Cl
425-625
C
1/4
Jupiter
0/5
57.50
−8.7
B46,Q16
Notes on page 0000.
Notes
1. Times are in Universal Time.
Table III
Signal In DU from the Objects Studied
Object
Date
Signal
Jupiter
12/3/86
10307.0
Jupiter
3/2/86
2959.8
Jupiter
5/3/86
6520.0
Jupiter
15/2/86
3602.0
Venus
4/2/86
20291.0
Vega
12/10/85
967.0
Altair
10/2/86
8544.0
Ras Alhague
31/12/85
4977.2
Ras Alhague
30/12/85
1897.1
Arcturus
12/10/85
719.1
π Herc
12/10/85
416.8
η Herc
12/10/85
169.2
ζ Herc
12/10/85
301.0
ρ Herc
12/10/85
83.0
Table IV
Types and Effective Temperatures for the Stars Studied Herein
Star
Common name
Type
Mv
Teff (K)
α Aquila
Altair
A7n
0.89
8000
α Lyra
Vega
AOV
0.14
9900
α Oph
Ras Alhague
A5n
2.14
8500
α Böotes
Arcturus
gK2p
0.24
4260
ρ Herc
B9n/A6n
4.52/5.47
11000/8250
η Herc
sgG5
3.61
4850
π Herc
gK3
3.36
4400
ζ Herc
dG0
3.00
6030
ζ Urs Maj
Mizar
A2sp/A6s
2.4/3.96
9300/8200
Sun
G2
5800
Table V
Relative Responses (Normalized to the Clear Filter) Predicted for Solar and Jovian Illumination by the Spectral Response Curves Provided by the Manufacturers
Illumination
Filter
Detector
CCD
Solar
Jovian
Clear
C
1
1.000
1.000
Red
C
1
0.367
0.329
Orange
C
1
0.235
0.277
Blue
C
1
0.125
0.114
Cont. 1
C
1
0.0116
0.0111
Cont. 2
C
1
0.0456
0.0487
OH
C
1
0.000399
0.000256
C-3
C
1
0.00888
0.00772
C-2
C
1
0.0248
0.0248
Clear
E
2
1.084
1.078
Red
B
1
0.367
0.329
Blue
D
2
0.141
0.129
Table VI
Signal Strengths from Jupiter Observed on 5 Mar. 1986 for All Detectors
Detector
Signal [DU]
Error [DU]
C
6520
50
B
1560
60
D
1241
50
E
4430
80
Table VII
Scaling Factors Required to Convert the FPU Relative Measurements to Absolute Responses
Detector
Filter
Liege Channel
Scaling factor
C
Clear
C2
0.38
C
Red
C3
0.285
C
Orange
C4
0.342
C
Blue
C5
0.258
C
Cont. 1
C8
0.114
C
Cont. 2
C9
0.182
B
Red
B
0.293
D
Blue
D
0.313
E
Clear
E
0.369
Table VIII
Relative Response to Solar and Jovian Illumination for All Configurations Using the IAL FPU Measurements to Determine the Spectral Behavior of HMC
The conversion factors for mW m−2 sr−1 into reflectivities are given in Table XIII.
Table XIII
Conversion Factors from mW m−2 sr−1 Into Reflectivitles for all Configurations
Filter
Detector
Conversion factor [mW m−2 sr−1]−1
Clear
C
4.46 × 10−6
Red
C
1.41 × 10−5
Orange
C
1.71 × 10−5
Blue
C
1.40 × 10−5
Cont. 1
C
5.76 × 10−5
Cont. 2
C
5.07 × 10−5
OH
C
3.07 × 10−4
C-3
C
8.27 × 10−5
C-2
C
6.13 × 10−5
Clear
E
4.01 × 10−6
Red
B
1.41 × 10−5
Blue
D
1.55 × 10−5
Tables (13)
Table I
Each Superpixel Format (SPF) Describes a Particular Type of Binning Pixel
Superpixel format
Binning
0
1 × 1
1
2 × 2
2
4 × 4
3
8 × 8
4
16 × 16
5
4 × 3
Table II
Data Used for the Absolute Calibration of HMC
Date
Time
Filt
Image No
S
G
Object
SPFS
TDI [μs]
Temp [C]
Number of images in each format
Rem
12-10
0609–0610
Cl
739-754
C
1/4
Vega
0/5
816.75
−15.5
D14,Q2
#
12-10
0610–0620
Cl
755-909
C
1/4
Vega
0/3/4/5
43.00/898.00
−15.3
A9,D10,F10,G16,H8,J10,N8,P24,Q10
*#
12-10
0614–0620
PII
827-899
C
1
Vega
5
43.00/898.00
−15.3
Q2
12-10
0614–0620
P-
829-901
C
1
Vega
5
1062.30/860.25
−15.3
Q2
12-10
0614–0620
Ct1
831-903
C
1
Vega
5
1010.30/816.75
−15.3
Q2
12-10
0614–0620
Ct2
833-905
C
1
Vega
5
950.0/785.50
−15.3
Q2
12-10
0711–0712
Cl
1655-1670
C
1/4
α Boo
0/5
816.75
−14.0
D14,Q2
#
12-10
0712–0715
Cl
1671-1703
C
1/4
α Boo
0/3/4/5
22.25
−14.0
A2,D6,F2,G2,H1,J2,N1,P6,Q4
#
12-10
0720–0721
Cl
1772-1787
C
1/4
π Her
0/5
816.75
−13.8
D14,Q2
#
12-10
0721–0724
Cl
1788-1828
C
1/4
π Her
0/3/4/5
238.25
−13.8
A3,D6,F2,G4,H2,J2,N2,P6,Q4
#
12-10
0729-
Sh
1905-
C
4
η Her
0
816.75
−13.7
D1
#
12-10
0729–0730
Cl
1906-1921
C
1/4
η Her
0/5
816.75
−13.7
D13,Q3
#
12-10
0731–0733
Cl
1922-1955
C
1/4
η Her
0/3/4/5
143.75
−13.7
A2,D6,F2,G3,H1,J2,N1,P6,Q3
#
12-10
0738–0739
Cl
2031-2045
C
1/4
ce Her
0/5
816.75
−13.7
D13,Q2
#
12-10
0739–0842
Cl
2046-2118
C
1/4
ce Her
0/3/4/5
155.25
−13.7
A4,D7,F4,G8,H4,J4,N4,P12,Q6
#
12-10
0821–0822
Cl
2665-2679
C
1/4
ρ Her
0/5
816.75
−13.1
D13,Q2
#
12-10
0822–0825
Cl
2680-2723
C
1/4
ρ Her
0/3/4/5
161.50
−13.1
A3,D7,F2,G4,H2,J2,N2,P7,Q4
#
12-10
0832–0833
Cl
2814-2829
C
1/4
ξ UrM
0/5
816.75
−13.0
D14,Q2
#
12-10
0833–0835
Cl
2830-2860
C
1/4
ξ UrM
0/3/4/5
21.25
−13.0
A2,D6,F1,G2,H1,J2,N1,P5,Q4
#
30-12
0213
Sh
3740
C
4
α Oph
0
520.25
15.0
D1
30-12
0213–0214
Cl
3741-3769
C
1/4
α Oph
0/5
520.25
15.0
D24,P5
#
30-12
0214–0222
All
3770-3866
C
1/4
α Oph
0/3/4/5
520.25
15.0
A6,D2,F7,G10,H5,J7,N5,P18,Q10
$#
30-12
0232–0253
Cl
4203-4317
E
1/4
α Oph
0/3/4/5
520.25
15.0
A8,D27,F9,G14,H7,J9,N7,P24, Q16
#
31-12
0145–0207
All
3718-4039
C
1/4
α Oph
0/5
1020.50
16.0
A16,B5,D8,F5,J5,Q55
#
03-02
2309–2310
Cl
2469-2487
C
1
Jupiter
5
816.00
9.4
Q19
03-02
2310–2355
Cl/Sh
2488-3153
C
1/4
Jupiter
0/1/5
19.50
9.6
D479,L33,Q79
04-02
0003–0004
Cl
3475-3291
C
1
Venus
5
816.00
9.6
Q17
04-02
0004–0023
Cl/Sh
3292-3577
C
1/4
Venus
0/1/5
17.25
9.8
D159,L8,Q35
#
04-02
0023–0039
Red
3579-3806
B
4
Venus
1
17.25
10.0
K228
04-02
0023–0039
Cl
3579-3806
C
4
Venus
1
17.25
10.0
K228
04-02
0023–0039
Bl
3579-3806
D
4
Venus
1
17.25
10.0
K228
04-02
0023–0039
Cl
3579-3806
E
4
Venus
0
17.25
10.0
C228
10-02
0055–0057
Cl
3192-3221
C
1
α Aql
5
784.75
8.7
Q30
10-02
0057–0103
All
3222-3299
C
1/4
α Aql
0/3/4/5
784.75
8.7
A5,D2,F5,G8,H4,J6,N4,P13,Q9
10-02
0119–0121
Cl
3395-3424
C
1
α Aql
5
784.75
8.7
Q30
10-02
0121–0125
All
3425-3492
C
1/4
α Aql
0/3/4/5
784.75
8.7
A4,D1,F4,G8,H4,J5,N4,P12,Q6
15-02
2321–2334
Red
1755-1955
B
4
Jupiter
1
23.25
3.4
K201
15-02
2321–2334
Cl
1755-1955
C
4
Jupiter
0
23.25
3.4
C201
15-02
2321–2334
Bl
1755-1955
D
4
Jupiter
1
23.25
3.4
K201
15-02
2321–2334
Cl
1755-1955
E
4
Jupiter
1
23.25
3.4
K201
05-03
0109–0128
Red
3969-4250
B
4
Jupiter
1
39.25
−1.5
K282
05-03
0109–0128
Cl
3969-4250
C
4
Jupiter
0
39.25
−1.5
C282
05-03
0109–0128
BI
3969-4250
D
4
Jupiter
1
39.25
−1.5
K282
05-03
0109–0128
Cl
3969-4250
E
4
Jupiter
1
39.25
−1.5
K282
05-03
0155–0214
Red
4642-4936
B
4
Jupiter
1
39.25
−1.2
K295
05-03
0155–0214
Cl
4642-4936
C
4
Jupiter
1
39.25
−1.2
K295
05-03
0155–0214
BI
4642-4936
D
4
Jupiter
1
39.25
−1.2
K295
05-03
0155–0214
Cl
4642-4936
E
4
Jupiter
0
39.25
−1.2
C295
12-03
2048–2101
Ct2/Cl
425-625
C
1/4
Jupiter
0/5
57.50
−8.7
B46,Q16
Notes on page 0000.
Notes
1. Times are in Universal Time.
Table III
Signal In DU from the Objects Studied
Object
Date
Signal
Jupiter
12/3/86
10307.0
Jupiter
3/2/86
2959.8
Jupiter
5/3/86
6520.0
Jupiter
15/2/86
3602.0
Venus
4/2/86
20291.0
Vega
12/10/85
967.0
Altair
10/2/86
8544.0
Ras Alhague
31/12/85
4977.2
Ras Alhague
30/12/85
1897.1
Arcturus
12/10/85
719.1
π Herc
12/10/85
416.8
η Herc
12/10/85
169.2
ζ Herc
12/10/85
301.0
ρ Herc
12/10/85
83.0
Table IV
Types and Effective Temperatures for the Stars Studied Herein
Star
Common name
Type
Mv
Teff (K)
α Aquila
Altair
A7n
0.89
8000
α Lyra
Vega
AOV
0.14
9900
α Oph
Ras Alhague
A5n
2.14
8500
α Böotes
Arcturus
gK2p
0.24
4260
ρ Herc
B9n/A6n
4.52/5.47
11000/8250
η Herc
sgG5
3.61
4850
π Herc
gK3
3.36
4400
ζ Herc
dG0
3.00
6030
ζ Urs Maj
Mizar
A2sp/A6s
2.4/3.96
9300/8200
Sun
G2
5800
Table V
Relative Responses (Normalized to the Clear Filter) Predicted for Solar and Jovian Illumination by the Spectral Response Curves Provided by the Manufacturers
Illumination
Filter
Detector
CCD
Solar
Jovian
Clear
C
1
1.000
1.000
Red
C
1
0.367
0.329
Orange
C
1
0.235
0.277
Blue
C
1
0.125
0.114
Cont. 1
C
1
0.0116
0.0111
Cont. 2
C
1
0.0456
0.0487
OH
C
1
0.000399
0.000256
C-3
C
1
0.00888
0.00772
C-2
C
1
0.0248
0.0248
Clear
E
2
1.084
1.078
Red
B
1
0.367
0.329
Blue
D
2
0.141
0.129
Table VI
Signal Strengths from Jupiter Observed on 5 Mar. 1986 for All Detectors
Detector
Signal [DU]
Error [DU]
C
6520
50
B
1560
60
D
1241
50
E
4430
80
Table VII
Scaling Factors Required to Convert the FPU Relative Measurements to Absolute Responses
Detector
Filter
Liege Channel
Scaling factor
C
Clear
C2
0.38
C
Red
C3
0.285
C
Orange
C4
0.342
C
Blue
C5
0.258
C
Cont. 1
C8
0.114
C
Cont. 2
C9
0.182
B
Red
B
0.293
D
Blue
D
0.313
E
Clear
E
0.369
Table VIII
Relative Response to Solar and Jovian Illumination for All Configurations Using the IAL FPU Measurements to Determine the Spectral Behavior of HMC