An unperturbing theory of a fixed scatterer embedded in a random medium based on the Bethe—Salpeter (BS) equation formalism is developed. The BS equation is subject to a coordinate-interchange invariance, and from that we can, to a considerable extent, find a basic structure of the BS equation without knowing details of the specific random medium involved, which leads to enhanced backscattering. A fixed scatterer embedded in the medium changes the basic equations, according to a simple principle, insuch a way that the BS equation formally remains unchanged. Effective scattering matrices of the fixed scatterer are investigated in detail, including both a shadowing effect and enhanced backscattering.

© 1993 Optical Society of America

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