Variability in atmospheric light-scattering properties with altitude

Frank W. Gibson

doi:10.1364/AO.33.004919

Applied Optics
Vol. 33,
Issue 21,
pp. 4919-4929
(1994)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.33.004919

Variability in atmospheric light-scattering properties with altitude

Frank W. Gibson

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Frank W. Gibson, "Variability in atmospheric light-scattering properties with altitude," Appl. Opt. 33, 4919-4929 (1994)

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Abstract

The altitudinal variability in angular scattering properties of the troposphere and stratosphere was measured with a balloonborne polar nephelometer. An analysis of interdependent experimental parameters provides information on the scattering phase function and inferred size distribution of aerosol particles as a function of altitude. These aerosol characteristics are extractable from the scattering dissymmetry index and its relationship to spectral dispersion in turbidity and the aerosol phase function. The problem of the correlation between backscatter and extinction is addressed from the perspectives of in situ observations.

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Altitude (km)	R₁	τ₁	R₂	τ₂	P_A(30°) (sr⁻¹)	P₁(150°) (sr⁻¹)	β_A/β_R	ν	N > 0.15 μm (cm⁻³)	N [(mg air)⁻¹]
3	3.5	4.97	2.77	2.62	1.72	.306	6.59	4.0	7.5	8.5
4	4.5	6.58	3.13	5.13	2.40	.380	12.15	2.8	19.9	23.1
5	3.85	6.07	2.80	4.4	2.69	.54	12.68	3.0	13.9	19.4
6	3.68	6.40	3.20	2.90	2.45	.516	11.65	3.6	8.3	12.8
7	3.82	2.83	2.65	1.40	3.21	.50	6.98	3.8	3.5	6.0
8	1.64	1.52	1.35	0.60	1.79	.768	2.11	3.2	1.8	3.4
9	2.10	1.71	1.47	0.52	1.96	.538	2.59	2.3	4.2	9.0
10	1.58	1.18	1.31	0.57	1.04	.255	0.95	3.8	0.93	2.2
11	1.34	1.0	1.10	0.59	1.29	.975	1.0	4.4	0.48	1.3
12	1.75	1.31	1.53	0.72	2.43	.963	2.45	4.3	0.65	1.9
13	1.53	1.27	1.35	0.75	1.10	.361	1.07	4.4	0.46	1.5
14	1.47	1.28	1.30	0.73	.954	.329	0.94	4.3	0.41	1.5
15	1.55	1.56	1.34	0.74	1.48	.662	1.76	3.7	0.61	2.7
16	1.22	1.83	1.12	0.70	.949	.650	1.34	3.6	0.61	3.2
17	1.29	1.75	1.21	1.02	1.05	.650	1.42	4.4	0.34	2.1
18	1.38	2.96	1.21	1.13	.773	.439	1.76	3.0	1.11	8.2
19	1.73	3.24	1.50	1.39	1.64	.780	4.14	3.4	0.85	7.4
20	1.57	4.71	1.42	1.78	1.72	.997	6.24	3.0	1.2	12.7
21	1.50	4.16	1.33	1.75	.934	.520	3.0	3.4	0.80	9.8
22	1.54	4.76	1.36	2.10	.792	.420	2.9	3.5	0.72	10.4
23	1.42	6.83	1.18	2.27	.851	.543	4.47	3.4	0.98	16.8
24	4.2	7.48	3.20	3.25	1.87	.312	10.74	3.5	0.81	16.6
25	11.0	13.7	8.49	4.03	7.33	.580	77.23	2.3	3.0	72.0
26	18.0	46.5	15.0	18.0	3.67	.178	131.6	3.1	5.3	146.8

Altitude (km)	R₁	τ₁	R₂	τ₂	P_A(30°) (sr⁻¹)	P₁(150°) (sr⁻¹)	β_A/β_R	ν	N > 0.15 μm (cm⁻³)	N [(mg air)⁻¹]
4	9.07	4.09	7.05	2.18	7.25	0.518	22.85	4.0	5.6	7.1
5	5.5	2.8	4.74	1.87	5.77	0.668	12.40	4.7	2.3	2.9
6	2.0	0.81	1.39	0.29	2.08	0.231	1.29	2.8	1.9	2.9
7	3.0	3.29	2.4	1.88	1.68	0.297	4.25	3.7	3.8	6.6
8	2.2	0.69	1.5	0.24	3.6	0.634	1.94	2.8	1.4	2.7
9	1.8	0.3	1.3	0.10	5.03	0.867	1.16	2.6	0.6	1.3
10	2.0	0.4	1.4	0.14	4.88	0.833	1.51	2.8	0.6	1.5
11	3.3	3.6	2.2	1.20	2.22	0.422	6.15	2.6	5.6	14.9
12	2.2	0.9	1.3	0.20	2.26	0.24	1.57	2.0	2.0	6.1
13	2.2	1.0	1.3	0.25	2.04	0.37	1.57	2.0	1.9	6.3
14	2.1	1.11	1.5	0.37	2.92	0.78	2.49	2.6	1.1	4.1
15	2.5	1.47	1.5	0.43	1.79	0.185	2.02	2.3	1.5	6.7
16	3.2	2.1	1.7	0.50	2.34	0.305	3.78	2.0	2.4	12.2
17	4.0	3.8	2.1	1.0	1.87	0.212	5.48	2.0	3.7	19.1
18	4.2	3.5	2.2	1.01	1.94	0.182	5.23	2.2	2.4	18.0
19	4.7	3.7	2.3	1.10	1.76	0.098	5.0	2.3	2.1	17.8
20	4.4	3.2	2.6	1.20	2.24	0.196	5.52	3.0	0.9	9.3
21	3.2	3.8	2.0	1.30	1.41	0.206	4.13	2.7	1.1	14.2
22	3.05	3.2	2.2	1.50	1.55	0.234	3.81	3.7	0.4	6.1
23	4.4	5.0	3.0	1.60	3.21	0.519	12.35	2.5	1.3	22.6
24	2.5	2.8	2.1	1.80	1.31	0.245	2.82	4.6	0.2	3.2
25	3.5	5.3	2.5	2.0	1.88	0.367	7.66	3.0	0.7	16.4
26	2.6	4.9	1.8	2.0	0.729	0.119	2.77	3.2	0.5	14.7

Altitude (km)	R₁	τ₁	R₂	τ₂^a	σ_P/σ_R	P_A(45°) (sr⁻¹)	P_A(135°) (sr⁻¹)	β_A/β_R	ν	N > 15 μm (cm⁻³)	N [(mg air)⁻¹]	N > 0.04 μm (cm³)
3	2.20	1.9	1.50	0.71	1.10	2.04	0.25	1.65	3.0	2.97	3.38	1800
4	2.15	1.8	1.45	0.63	1.22	2.10	0.28	1.59	2.8	2.85	3.59	2312
5	1.70	1.0	1.25	0.40	1.40	2.63	0.44	0.98	2.5	0.90	1.26	2503
6	2.15	1.2	1.35	0.48	1.24	3.12	0.33	1.49	2.5	1.76	2.73	1426
7	1.7	1.1	1.25	0.44	1.40	2.46	0.44	1.0	2.5	1.38	2.37	1477
8	1.68	0.9	1.25	0.35	0.80	2.19	0.40	0.98	2.6	1.35	2.58	740
9	1.60	0.7	1.20	0.28	0.85	2.18	0.25	0.74	2.5	0.92	1.96	715
10	1.50	0.8	1.20	0.30	0.63	1.49	0.23	0.65	3.0	0.74	1.76	459
11	1.76	1.2	1.30	0.39	0.80	2.39	0.58	1.37	2.6	1.20	3.21	513
12	1.70	1.3	1.35	0.49	0.80	2.29	0.71	1.48	2.8	1.0	3.0	442
13	1.50	1.2	1.20	0.38	0.74	1.91	0.73	1.17	2.5	0.99	3.37	344
14	1.75	1.2	1.40	0.53	0.46	2.14	0.63	1.56	3.5	0.51	1.97	187
15	1.95	1.3	1.40	0.49	0.19	1.36	0.20	1.33	3.0	0.73	3.20	60

φ_s	Class^b

	Rayleigh	2	3	4	5	5′	6	6′	7	7″	8	9	9″	10
30°	1.3	2.03	2.46	2.94	3.38	3.52	3.70	4.18	3.75	3.85	3.79	3.57	5.01	3.52
50°	1.06	1.10	1.23	1.27	1.33	1.22	1.24	1.14	1.13	0.98	0.98	0.84	1.02	0.58
150°	1.3	1.18	0.833	0.586	0.398	0.584	0.259	0.470	0.199	0.396	0.144	0.094	0.200	0.055
30°/150°	1	1.72	2.95	5.01	8.48	6.03	14.29	8.9	18.84	9.72	26.31	37.98	25.05	64.0

Altitude (km)	Optical Thickness	P_A(180°)/4π (sr⁻¹)	P_A(180°) (sr⁻¹)
8.0	0.03	0.028	0.35
9.8	0.01	0.021	0.26
9.9	0.09	0.023	0.29
10.0	0.32	0.023	0.29
9.4	0.38	0.032	0.40
8.4	0.08	0.051	0.64
8.3	0.55	0.054	0.67
8.6	0.38	0.024	0.30
8.4	0.21	0.023	0.29
9.2	0.23	0.028	0.35
10.5	0.11	0.030	0.38
10.2	0.09	0.032	0.40
9.1	0.12	0.024	0.30
8.6	0.07	0.039	0.49
12.1	0.02	0.023	0.29
8.8	0.05	0.034	0.43
12.1	0.01	0.045	0.56
10.2	0.58	0.061	0.77

Abstract

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Applied Optics