J. Popp, M. Lankers, K. Schaschek, W. Kiefer, and J. T. Hodges, "Observation of sudden temperature jumps in optically levitated microdroplets due to morphology-dependent input resonances," Appl. Opt. 34, 2380-2386 (1995)
During the slow evaporation of an optically levitated microdroplet of a glycerol–water mixture (3:1) (approximately 12.44 μm in radius) several morphology-dependent input resonances have been observed in its Raman spectrum. These resonances yield sudden temperature jumps of approximately 10 °C in the microdroplet as evidenced by sudden shifts in the output (Raman) resonance spectra. The latter effects could be explained by a simple energy balance calculation and the dependence of droplet refractive index and density on temperature.
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Equations are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
Coefficients of Time-Dependent Radius a(t) and Real Part of Refractive Index n(t) of the Glycerol–Water Droplet (3:1) under Investigation
Radius a(t)
Refractive Index n(t)
a0 = 12.476 μm
n0 = 1.4335
a1 = −3.7074 × 10−4 μm/s
n1 =1.0012 × 10−7 s−1
a2 =7.695 × 10−9 μm/s2
n2 =9.9986 × 10−12 s−2
Table 2
Assignment of Resonances in the Absorption Efficiency Factor (Qabs) as Given in Fig. 2B to anl and bnl Coefficients of the External Electromagnetic Field
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Group 6
Mode
1
a1658
2
a1629
3
b1668
4
b15810
5
b1629
6
a1668
7
a1619
8
b1658
9
b15710
10
b1619
11
a1658
12
a1609
13
b1648
14
b15610
15
b1609
16
a1687
17
a1648
18
a1599
19
b1638
20
b15510
21
b1599
22
a1677
23
a1638
24
a1589
25
b1628
26
b15410
27
b1589
28
a1667
29
a1628
30
a1579
31
b1618
32
b15310
33
b1579
34
a1657
35
a1618
36
a1569
37
b1608
38
b15210
39
b1569
40
a1647
41
a1608
42
a1559
43
b1598
44
b15110
45
b1559
46
a1637
47
a1598
Table 3
Assignment of the Traces of Fig. 3 to Specific cnl and dnl Resonances
Trace No.
Resonance
Trace No.
Resonance
1
d11124
17
d14108
2
d14113
18
c9126
3
c9131
19
d11118
4
d11123
20
d14107
5
d14112
21
c9125
6
c9130
22
d11117
7
d11122
23
d14106
8
d14111
24
c9124
9
c9129
25
d11116
10
d11121
26
d14105
11
d14110
27
c9123
12
c9128
28
d14104
13
d11120
29
c9121
14
d14109
30
d14103
15
c9127
31
c9120
16
d11119
Table 4
Comparison of Calculated Temperature Jumps Δ(ΔTcalc) with the ΔTstepa
Jumps
Input Resonance
t(s)
x(n)
n
a(t) μm
IL (W/cm2)
Qabs
ΔTcalc °C
ΔTbl °C
Δ(ΔTcalc) °C
ΔTstep °C
a
b1609
517
150.032618
1.43355
12.2862
10577
0.0014305
17.81
5.01
12.80
10.41
b
b1599
692
149.262507
1.43357
12.2232
10468
0.0013004
15.94
4.89
11.04
10.26
c
b1589
867
148.491993
1.43359
12.1601
10361
0.0011875
14.33
4.77
9.56
9.77
d
b1579
1045
147.721152
1.43362
12.0969
10253
0.0010899
12.95
4.65
8.30
9.01
e
b1569
1223
146.949850
1.43364
12.0338
10147
0.0010057
11.76
4.53
7.23
9.27
Additionally the input resonance, the Mie size parameter x(n), the refractive index n, the incident laser power IL, the absorption efficiency Qabs are given as dependent on time t. One can calculate ΔTcalc by using Eq. (15). For ΔT of the baseline the following equation can be estimated: ΔTbl = 5.36 °C − 6.76 × 10−4 °C s time. The difference of ΔTcalc and ΔTbl results in Δ(ΔTcalc).
Tables (4)
Table 1
Coefficients of Time-Dependent Radius a(t) and Real Part of Refractive Index n(t) of the Glycerol–Water Droplet (3:1) under Investigation
Radius a(t)
Refractive Index n(t)
a0 = 12.476 μm
n0 = 1.4335
a1 = −3.7074 × 10−4 μm/s
n1 =1.0012 × 10−7 s−1
a2 =7.695 × 10−9 μm/s2
n2 =9.9986 × 10−12 s−2
Table 2
Assignment of Resonances in the Absorption Efficiency Factor (Qabs) as Given in Fig. 2B to anl and bnl Coefficients of the External Electromagnetic Field
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Group 6
Mode
1
a1658
2
a1629
3
b1668
4
b15810
5
b1629
6
a1668
7
a1619
8
b1658
9
b15710
10
b1619
11
a1658
12
a1609
13
b1648
14
b15610
15
b1609
16
a1687
17
a1648
18
a1599
19
b1638
20
b15510
21
b1599
22
a1677
23
a1638
24
a1589
25
b1628
26
b15410
27
b1589
28
a1667
29
a1628
30
a1579
31
b1618
32
b15310
33
b1579
34
a1657
35
a1618
36
a1569
37
b1608
38
b15210
39
b1569
40
a1647
41
a1608
42
a1559
43
b1598
44
b15110
45
b1559
46
a1637
47
a1598
Table 3
Assignment of the Traces of Fig. 3 to Specific cnl and dnl Resonances
Trace No.
Resonance
Trace No.
Resonance
1
d11124
17
d14108
2
d14113
18
c9126
3
c9131
19
d11118
4
d11123
20
d14107
5
d14112
21
c9125
6
c9130
22
d11117
7
d11122
23
d14106
8
d14111
24
c9124
9
c9129
25
d11116
10
d11121
26
d14105
11
d14110
27
c9123
12
c9128
28
d14104
13
d11120
29
c9121
14
d14109
30
d14103
15
c9127
31
c9120
16
d11119
Table 4
Comparison of Calculated Temperature Jumps Δ(ΔTcalc) with the ΔTstepa
Jumps
Input Resonance
t(s)
x(n)
n
a(t) μm
IL (W/cm2)
Qabs
ΔTcalc °C
ΔTbl °C
Δ(ΔTcalc) °C
ΔTstep °C
a
b1609
517
150.032618
1.43355
12.2862
10577
0.0014305
17.81
5.01
12.80
10.41
b
b1599
692
149.262507
1.43357
12.2232
10468
0.0013004
15.94
4.89
11.04
10.26
c
b1589
867
148.491993
1.43359
12.1601
10361
0.0011875
14.33
4.77
9.56
9.77
d
b1579
1045
147.721152
1.43362
12.0969
10253
0.0010899
12.95
4.65
8.30
9.01
e
b1569
1223
146.949850
1.43364
12.0338
10147
0.0010057
11.76
4.53
7.23
9.27
Additionally the input resonance, the Mie size parameter x(n), the refractive index n, the incident laser power IL, the absorption efficiency Qabs are given as dependent on time t. One can calculate ΔTcalc by using Eq. (15). For ΔT of the baseline the following equation can be estimated: ΔTbl = 5.36 °C − 6.76 × 10−4 °C s time. The difference of ΔTcalc and ΔTbl results in Δ(ΔTcalc).
Add to BibSonomy