Observations of thermospheric wind velocities and temperatures by the use of a Fabry–Perot Doppler imaging system at Syowa Station, Antarctica

Hideaki Nakajima; Shoichi Okano; Hiroshi Fukunishi; Takayuki Ono

doi:10.1364/AO.34.008382

Applied Optics
Vol. 34,
Issue 36,
pp. 8382-8395
(1995)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.34.008382

Observations of thermospheric wind velocities and temperatures by the use of a Fabry–Perot Doppler imaging system at Syowa Station, Antarctica

Hideaki Nakajima, Shoichi Okano, Hiroshi Fukunishi, and Takayuki Ono

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Hideaki Nakajima, Shoichi Okano, Hiroshi Fukunishi, and Takayuki Ono, "Observations of thermospheric wind velocities and temperatures by the use of a Fabry–Perot Doppler imaging system at Syowa Station, Antarctica," Appl. Opt. 34, 8382-8395 (1995)

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Abstract

A new optical instrument, the Fabry–Perot Doppler imaging system (FPDIS), has been developed for observations of two-dimensional distributions of thermospheric wind velocities and temperatures by the measurement of the Doppler shift and width of the aurora or of the airglow emission lines of atomic oxygen OI 557.7 nm and OI 630.0 nm over a wide field of view (165°). A technique for the derivation of Doppler temperatures and wind velocities was developed by use of a truncated Fourier series. Thermospheric wind velocities and temperatures have been obtained with unprecedented high temporal (1 min) and spatial (24 points for an all-sky image) resolutions. Errors in the derived wind velocities and temperatures are estimated to be less than 25 m/s and 100 K, respectively, for inner-fringe positions and 35 m/s and 170 K for outer-fringe positions, respectively. This system was applied to observations of thermospheric wind velocities and temperatures at Syowa Station (69.00° S, 39.58° E), Antarctica for the period of one austral winter in 1990.

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Apparatus	Parameter	Value
Foreoptics	Field of view	165°
	Maximum incident angle onto the étalon	0.66°
Étalon (Queensgate Model ET 116)	Clear aperture Reflectivity (at 577.7–630.0 nm)	116 mm 0.88 ± 0.03
	Theoretical reflective finesse	24.6
	Nominal optical spacing	12.0 nm
Interference filters	Center wavelengths	630.0 nm
		577.7 nm
	FWHM
	630.0 nm	3.15 nm
	577/7 nm	2.23 nm
PIH detector (Hamamatsu Model C2166-01)	Collecting area	15ϕ mm
	Resolution	15 line pairs/mm
	Amplification factor (photon-counting mode)	10⁶
	Radiation sensitivity
	630.0 nm	25 mA/W
	577.7 nm	40 mA/W
	Quantum efficiency
	630.0 nm	4.5%
	577.7 nm	8%
	Dark count (−15 °C)	<0.5 mm⁻² s⁻¹
CCD detector (Toshiba Model TCD-203C)	Imaging area
	H	8.36 mm horizontal
	V	6.37 mm vertical
	Pixel number
	H	380
	V	490
	Size per pixel
	H	22 μm
	V	13 μm
	Exposure time	0.53–8.58 s
Video-disk recorder (TEAC Model LV-250H)	Signal type	NTSC composite video
	Data storage capacity	27,000 pictures/disk

Data Period Number	Measurement Start Time UT)	Measurement End Time (UT)	Data Collection Period (hh:mm:ss)	Source of Fringe Data	OVD Number	Starting-Frame Number	Ending-Frame Number	Total Number of Frames	Filter (nm)	CCD Clock (s)	Fish-eye Aperture F	Room Temperature (°C)
911L1	17:00:00	17:19:35	00:19:35	Laser calibration	900810 (13-A)	08101	09200	1100	None	1.06	None	22.8
911F2	17:25:00	19:34:56	02:09:56	OI 630.0 nm	900810(13-A)	09201	16500	7300	630	1.06	16 ~ 22	22.5
911L3	19:36:00	19:43:07	00:07:07	Laser calibration	900810 (13-A)	16501	16900	400	None	1.06	None	22.6
911F4	19:44:02	22:43:50	02:59:48	OI 630.0 nm	900810(13-A)	16901	27000	11,100	630	1.06	11 ~ 22	22.4
911L5	22:49:00	23:15:38	00:26:38	Laser calibration	900901 (13-B)	00004	01500	1497	None	1.06	None	22.9
911F6	23:17:00	01:14:28	01:57:28	OI 630.0 nm	900901(13-B)	01501	08100	8100	630	1.06	22 ~ 16	22.9
911L7	01:19:00	01:29:40	00:10:40	Laser calibration	900901 (13-B)	08101	08700	8700	None	1.06	None	23.1

Apparatus	Parameter	Value
Foreoptics	Field of view	165°
	Maximum incident angle onto the étalon	0.66°
Étalon (Queensgate Model ET 116)	Clear aperture Reflectivity (at 577.7–630.0 nm)	116 mm 0.88 ± 0.03
	Theoretical reflective finesse	24.6
	Nominal optical spacing	12.0 nm
Interference filters	Center wavelengths	630.0 nm
		577.7 nm
	FWHM
	630.0 nm	3.15 nm
	577/7 nm	2.23 nm
PIH detector (Hamamatsu Model C2166-01)	Collecting area	15ϕ mm
	Resolution	15 line pairs/mm
	Amplification factor (photon-counting mode)	10⁶
	Radiation sensitivity
	630.0 nm	25 mA/W
	577.7 nm	40 mA/W
	Quantum efficiency
	630.0 nm	4.5%
	577.7 nm	8%
	Dark count (−15 °C)	<0.5 mm⁻² s⁻¹
CCD detector (Toshiba Model TCD-203C)	Imaging area
	H	8.36 mm horizontal
	V	6.37 mm vertical
	Pixel number
	H	380
	V	490
	Size per pixel
	H	22 μm
	V	13 μm
	Exposure time	0.53–8.58 s
Video-disk recorder (TEAC Model LV-250H)	Signal type	NTSC composite video
	Data storage capacity	27,000 pictures/disk

Data Period Number	Measurement Start Time UT)	Measurement End Time (UT)	Data Collection Period (hh:mm:ss)	Source of Fringe Data	OVD Number	Starting-Frame Number	Ending-Frame Number	Total Number of Frames	Filter (nm)	CCD Clock (s)	Fish-eye Aperture F	Room Temperature (°C)
911L1	17:00:00	17:19:35	00:19:35	Laser calibration	900810 (13-A)	08101	09200	1100	None	1.06	None	22.8
911F2	17:25:00	19:34:56	02:09:56	OI 630.0 nm	900810(13-A)	09201	16500	7300	630	1.06	16 ~ 22	22.5
911L3	19:36:00	19:43:07	00:07:07	Laser calibration	900810 (13-A)	16501	16900	400	None	1.06	None	22.6
911F4	19:44:02	22:43:50	02:59:48	OI 630.0 nm	900810(13-A)	16901	27000	11,100	630	1.06	11 ~ 22	22.4
911L5	22:49:00	23:15:38	00:26:38	Laser calibration	900901 (13-B)	00004	01500	1497	None	1.06	None	22.9
911F6	23:17:00	01:14:28	01:57:28	OI 630.0 nm	900901(13-B)	01501	08100	8100	630	1.06	22 ~ 16	22.9
911L7	01:19:00	01:29:40	00:10:40	Laser calibration	900901 (13-B)	08101	08700	8700	None	1.06	None	23.1

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Figures (10)

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Equations (16)

Applied Optics