High-birefringence fiber loop mirrors and their applications as sensors

doi:10.1364/AO.44.002382

High-birefringence fiber loop mirrors and their applications as sensors

Yange Liu, Bo Liu, Xinhuan Feng, Weigang Zhang, Guang Zhou, Shuzhong Yuan, Guiyun Kai, and Xiaoyi Dong »View Author Affiliations

Applied Optics, Vol. 44, Issue 12, pp. 2382-2390 (2005)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.44.002382

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Abstract

The reflection and transmission characteristics of a high-birefringence fiber loop mirror (HiBi-FLM), which is composed of a standard fiber coupler and one-section or multisection high-birefringence fibers (HBFs), are analyzed and discussed in detail. Theoretical reflectivity and transmissivity expressions for HiBi-FLMs with one-, two-, and three-section HBFs were obtained. The procedure for calculating reflectivity and transmissivity for HiBi-FLMs with n-section HBFs is given. Experimental results have verified the theoretical model. The basic characteristics of the one-section HiBi-FLM when strain and high temperature are applied to HBFs were analyzed and investigated theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. Furthermore, a strain-temperature sensor that makes use of those characteristics, which is new for applications of HiBi-FLMs, has been proposed and demonstrated.

OCIS Codes
(060.2340) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber optics components
(060.2370) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber optics sensors

Citation
Yange Liu, Bo Liu, Xinhuan Feng, Weigang Zhang, Guang Zhou, Shuzhong Yuan, Guiyun Kai, and Xiaoyi Dong, "High-birefringence fiber loop mirrors and their applications as sensors," Appl. Opt. 44, 2382-2390 (2005)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ao/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-44-12-2382

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References

G. A. Pavlath and H. J. Shaw, "Birefringence and polarization effects in fiber gyroscopes," Appl. Opt. 21, 1752-1757 (1982).
W. K. Burns and A. D. Kersey, "Fiber-optic gyroscopes with depolarized light," J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 992-999 (1992).
B. Szafraniec and J. Blake, "Polarization modulation errors in all-fiber depolarized gyroscopes," J. Lightwave Technol. 12, 1679-1684 (1994).
M. Campbell, G. Zheng, A. S. Holmes-Smith, and P. A. Wallace, "A frequency-modulated continuous wave birefringent fibre-optic strain sensor based on a Sagnac ring configuration," Meas. Sci. Technol. 10, 218-224 (1999).
E. De La Rosa, L. A. Zenteno, A. N. Starodumov, and D. Monzon, "All-fiber absolute temperature sensor using an unbalanced high-birefringence Sagnac loop," Opt. Lett. 22, 481-483 (1997).
A. N. Starodumov, L. A. Zenteno, D. Monzon, and E. De La Rosa, "Fiber Sagnac interferometer temperature sensor," Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 19-21 (1997).
S. Li, K. S. Chiang, and W. A. Gambling, "Gain flattening of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier using a high-birefringence fiber loop mirror," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 942-944 (2001).
S. Chung, J. Kim, B. A. Yu, and B. Lee, "A fiber Bragg grating sensor demodulation technique using a polarization maintaining fiber loop mirror," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 1343-1345 (2001).
X. P. Dong, S. P. Li, K. S. Chiang, M. N. Ng, and B. C. B. Chu, "Multiwavelength erbium-doped fibre laser based on a high-birefringence fibre loop mirror," Electron. Lett. 36, 1609-1610 (2000).
S. Yang, Z. Li, X. Dong, S. Yuan, G. Kai, and Q. Zhao, "Generation of wavelength-switched optical pulse from a fiber ring laser with an F-P semiconductor modulator and a HiBi fiber loop mirror," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 774-776 (2002).
S. Chung, B. A. Yu, and B. Lee, "Phase response design of a polarization-maintaining fiber loop mirror for dispersion compensation," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 715-717 (2003).
X. Fang and R. O. Claus, "Polarization-independent all-fiber wavelength division multiplexer based on a Sagnac interferometer," Opt. Lett. 20, 2146-2148 (1995).
X. Fang, H. Ji, C. T. Aleen, K. Demarest, and L. Pelz, "A compound high-order polarization-independent birefringence filter using Sagnac interferometers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 9, 458-460 (1997).
W. Zhang, Z. Wu, L. Liang, Q. Zhao, G. Kai, Z. Liu, and X. Dong, "Analyses and measurement of strain and deflection of standard beam based on fiber grating," in Optical Fiber and Planar Waveguide Technology, S. Jian and Y. Liu, eds., Proc. SPIE 4579, 269-273 (2001).

Aleen, C. T.
Blake, J.
Burns, W. K.
Campbell, M.
Chiang, K. S.
Chu, B. C. B.
Chung, S.
Claus, R. O.
De La Rosa, E.
Demarest, K.
Dong, X.
Dong, X. P.
Fang, X.
Gambling, W. A.
Holmes-Smith, A. S.
Ji, H.
Kai, G.
Kersey, A. D.
Kim, J.
Lee, B.
Li, S.
Li, S. P.
Li, Z.
Liang, L.
Liu, Z.
Monzon, D.
Ng, M. N.
Pavlath, G. A.
Pelz, L.
Shaw, H. J.
Starodumov, A. N.
Szafraniec, B.
Wallace, P. A.
Wu, Z.
Yang, S.
Yu, B. A.
Yuan, S.
Zenteno, L. A.
Zhang, W.
Zhao, Q.
Zheng, G.

Appl. Opt.

G. A. Pavlath and H. J. Shaw, "Birefringence and polarization effects in fiber gyroscopes," Appl. Opt. 21, 1752-1757 (1982).

Appl. Phys. Lett.

A. N. Starodumov, L. A. Zenteno, D. Monzon, and E. De La Rosa, "Fiber Sagnac interferometer temperature sensor," Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 19-21 (1997).

Electron. Lett.

X. P. Dong, S. P. Li, K. S. Chiang, M. N. Ng, and B. C. B. Chu, "Multiwavelength erbium-doped fibre laser based on a high-birefringence fibre loop mirror," Electron. Lett. 36, 1609-1610 (2000).

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

S. Yang, Z. Li, X. Dong, S. Yuan, G. Kai, and Q. Zhao, "Generation of wavelength-switched optical pulse from a fiber ring laser with an F-P semiconductor modulator and a HiBi fiber loop mirror," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 774-776 (2002).
S. Chung, B. A. Yu, and B. Lee, "Phase response design of a polarization-maintaining fiber loop mirror for dispersion compensation," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 715-717 (2003).
S. Li, K. S. Chiang, and W. A. Gambling, "Gain flattening of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier using a high-birefringence fiber loop mirror," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 942-944 (2001).
S. Chung, J. Kim, B. A. Yu, and B. Lee, "A fiber Bragg grating sensor demodulation technique using a polarization maintaining fiber loop mirror," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 1343-1345 (2001).
X. Fang, H. Ji, C. T. Aleen, K. Demarest, and L. Pelz, "A compound high-order polarization-independent birefringence filter using Sagnac interferometers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 9, 458-460 (1997).

J. Lightwave Technol.

W. K. Burns and A. D. Kersey, "Fiber-optic gyroscopes with depolarized light," J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 992-999 (1992).
B. Szafraniec and J. Blake, "Polarization modulation errors in all-fiber depolarized gyroscopes," J. Lightwave Technol. 12, 1679-1684 (1994).

Meas. Sci. Technol.

M. Campbell, G. Zheng, A. S. Holmes-Smith, and P. A. Wallace, "A frequency-modulated continuous wave birefringent fibre-optic strain sensor based on a Sagnac ring configuration," Meas. Sci. Technol. 10, 218-224 (1999).

Opt. Lett.

Other

W. Zhang, Z. Wu, L. Liang, Q. Zhao, G. Kai, Z. Liu, and X. Dong, "Analyses and measurement of strain and deflection of standard beam based on fiber grating," in Optical Fiber and Planar Waveguide Technology, S. Jian and Y. Liu, eds., Proc. SPIE 4579, 269-273 (2001).

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[1] G. A. Pavlath and H. J. Shaw, "Birefringence and polarization effects in fiber gyroscopes," Appl. Opt. 21, 1752-1757 (1982).

[2] W. K. Burns and A. D. Kersey, "Fiber-optic gyroscopes with depolarized light," J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 992-999 (1992).

[3] B. Szafraniec and J. Blake, "Polarization modulation errors in all-fiber depolarized gyroscopes," J. Lightwave Technol. 12, 1679-1684 (1994).

[4] M. Campbell, G. Zheng, A. S. Holmes-Smith, and P. A. Wallace, "A frequency-modulated continuous wave birefringent fibre-optic strain sensor based on a Sagnac ring configuration," Meas. Sci. Technol. 10, 218-224 (1999).

[5] E. De La Rosa, L. A. Zenteno, A. N. Starodumov, and D. Monzon, "All-fiber absolute temperature sensor using an unbalanced high-birefringence Sagnac loop," Opt. Lett. 22, 481-483 (1997).

[6] A. N. Starodumov, L. A. Zenteno, D. Monzon, and E. De La Rosa, "Fiber Sagnac interferometer temperature sensor," Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 19-21 (1997).

[7] S. Li, K. S. Chiang, and W. A. Gambling, "Gain flattening of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier using a high-birefringence fiber loop mirror," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 942-944 (2001).

[8] S. Chung, J. Kim, B. A. Yu, and B. Lee, "A fiber Bragg grating sensor demodulation technique using a polarization maintaining fiber loop mirror," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 1343-1345 (2001).

[9] X. P. Dong, S. P. Li, K. S. Chiang, M. N. Ng, and B. C. B. Chu, "Multiwavelength erbium-doped fibre laser based on a high-birefringence fibre loop mirror," Electron. Lett. 36, 1609-1610 (2000).

[10] S. Yang, Z. Li, X. Dong, S. Yuan, G. Kai, and Q. Zhao, "Generation of wavelength-switched optical pulse from a fiber ring laser with an F-P semiconductor modulator and a HiBi fiber loop mirror," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 774-776 (2002).

[11] S. Chung, B. A. Yu, and B. Lee, "Phase response design of a polarization-maintaining fiber loop mirror for dispersion compensation," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 715-717 (2003).

[12] X. Fang and R. O. Claus, "Polarization-independent all-fiber wavelength division multiplexer based on a Sagnac interferometer," Opt. Lett. 20, 2146-2148 (1995).

[13] X. Fang, H. Ji, C. T. Aleen, K. Demarest, and L. Pelz, "A compound high-order polarization-independent birefringence filter using Sagnac interferometers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 9, 458-460 (1997).

[14] W. Zhang, Z. Wu, L. Liang, Q. Zhao, G. Kai, Z. Liu, and X. Dong, "Analyses and measurement of strain and deflection of standard beam based on fiber grating," in Optical Fiber and Planar Waveguide Technology, S. Jian and Y. Liu, eds., Proc. SPIE 4579, 269-273 (2001).

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High-birefringence fiber loop mirrors and their applications as sensors