W∕C and \text{Co}/{\text{SiO}}_{\text{2}} multilayer gratings have been fabricated by depositing a multilayer coating on the surface of laminar-type holographic master gratings. The diffraction efficiency was measured by reflectometers in the energy region of 0.6–8.0\text{\hspace{0.17em} keV} at synchrotron radiation facilities as well as with an x-ray diffractometer at \text{8.05 \hspace{0.17em} keV} . The \text{Co}/{\text{SiO}}_{\text{2}} and W∕C multilayer gratings showed peak diffraction efficiencies of 0.47 and 0.38 at 6.0 and \text{8.0 \hspace{0.17em} keV} , respectively. To our knowledge, the peak efficiency of the W∕C multilayer grating is the highest measured with hard x rays. The diffraction efficiency of the \text{Co}/{\text{SiO}}_{\text{2}} multilayer gratings was higher than that of the W∕C multilayer grating in the energy range of 2.5–6.0\text{\hspace{0.17em} keV} . However, it decreased significantly in the energy above the K absorption edge of Co \left(\text{7.71 \hspace{0.17em} keV}\right) . For the \text{Co}/{\text{SiO}}_{\text{2}} multilayer grating, the measured diffraction efficiencies agreed with the calculated curves assuming a rms roughness of \sim 1\text{\hspace{0.17em} nm} .