We report a theoretical and numerical study of self-imaging properties, including time domain and pulse spreading, caused by modal group-delay dispersion in generalized N\times N multimode interference devices achieved by using a mode-propagation analysis and finite-difference time-domain method. It was found that the spatial self-imaging condition does not realize temporal self-imaging but lets waveforms separate whose shape depends on input position and input field distribution. Pulse spreading, which is sensitive to beam diameter, has a very large variation \left(420\text{\hspace{0.17em} fs}\right) among input positions as well as rising to a very high 900\text{\hspace{0.17em} fs} in response to a 21 fs and spatially Gaussian pulse for the conveniently smallest size with 10 channels.

© 2007 Optical Society of America

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