We have numerically investigated a chaotic laser diode transmitter–receiver array scheme (CLDTRAS), which is a secure digital communication scheme using a difference between two types of transmitter–receiver array consisting of two self-pulsating laser diodes (LDs), i.e., a receiver LD and a transmitter LD. By analyzing the bit error rate, particularly its dependence on the parameter mismatches of the hardware and channel noise and on the correlation coefficient between a transmitter LD and receiver LD, we examined the problems of sensitivity to parameter mismatches and channel noise and a dependence on chaos synchronization between a transmitter LD and a receiver LD. The former makes communication difficult, and the latter makes it possible for an eavesdropper to estimate the receiver LD using chaos synchronization and to forge the hardware. Then we studied the effects of the bit error rate for various values of the threshold, which determines a binary message, and for various numbers of transmitters–receivers making up a LD transmitter–receiver array. It has been shown that a highly noise-tolerant and hardware-dependent communication scheme can be achieved with the LD transmitter–receiver array, whose transmitter and receiver LDs are asynchronous with respect to each other, by choosing the proper threshold and increasing the number of LD transmitters–receivers. Since it is possible to communicate without chaos synchronization, it becomes difficult to forge hardware and to eavesdrop with the forged hardware even if the key is stolen.