Luminous power efficiency optimization of a white organic light-emitting diode by tuning its spectrum and its extraction efficiency

Peter Vandersteegen; Gregor Schwartz; Peter Bienstman; Roel Baets

doi:10.1364/AO.47.001947

Applied Optics
Vol. 47,
Issue 11,
pp. 1947-1955
(2008)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.47.001947

Luminous power efficiency optimization of a white organic light-emitting diode by tuning its spectrum and its extraction efficiency

Peter Vandersteegen, Gregor Schwartz, Peter Bienstman, and Roel Baets

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Peter Vandersteegen, Gregor Schwartz, Peter Bienstman, and Roel Baets, "Luminous power efficiency optimization of a white organic light-emitting diode by tuning its spectrum and its extraction efficiency," Appl. Opt. 47, 1947-1955 (2008)

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- Vision, color, and visual optics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 8, 2007
- Revised Manuscript: January 11, 2008
- Manuscript Accepted: January 11, 2008
- Published: April 9, 2008
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Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics Vol. 3, Iss. 5

Abstract

We show an increase of the luminous power efficiency of a white organic light-emitting diode (LED) with three emitters by optimizing its spectrum and its extraction efficiency. To calculate this efficiency we use a model with four parameters: the spectra, extraction efficiencies, internal quantum efficiencies of three emitters, and the driving voltage. This luminous power efficiency increases by 30% by use of a spectrum close to the spectrum of the MacAdam limit. This limit gives the highest luminous efficacy for a given chromaticity. We also show that a white organic LED with an inefficient deep blue emitter can give the same luminous power efficiency as a white organic LED with a more efficient light blue emitter, because of their different fractions in the radiant flux. Tuning the extraction efficiency with a microcavity to the spectrum also increases the luminous power efficiency by 10%.

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Luminous Properties	Fig. 2a ( $lm / W$ )	Figure 2b ( $lm / W$ )
$\frac{F}{P_{opt}}$	305	454
$η_{P}$ for $(η_{int, b}, η_{int, g}, η_{int, r}) = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)$	39	66
$η_{P}$ for $(η_{int, b}, η_{int, g}, η_{int, r}) = (0.25, 1.0, 1.0)$	30	42

	$b_{I}$	$b_{II}$	$b_{III}$	g	r
	Undoped MADN	Doped MADN with BD1	PhOLED
Color Coordinates in the CIE 1931 Color Space	(0.15,0.66)	(0.14,0.13)	(0.17,0.35)	(0.25,0.66)	(0.62,0.38)
Luminous Power Efficiency $η_{P, i} [\frac{lm}{W}]$	1.2	3.9	14	63.5	15.9
Wall Plug Efficiency $η_{W / W, i}$	0.01	0.03	0.05	0.13	0.06

	$b_{I}$ Very Deep Blue	$b_{II}$ Deep Blue	$b_{III}$ Light Blue
Wall plug efficiency $η_{W / W}$ of the WOLED	0.050	0.060	0.066
Luminous Power Efficiency ( $η_{P}$ ) of the WOLED	$22.3 lm / W$	$26.6 lm / W$	$26.7 lm / W$
Relative Fraction of the Emitters to Create Illuminant A ( $A_{b}, A_{g}, A_{r}$ )	(0.11, 0.27, 0.62)	(0.125, 0.255, 0.62)	(0.26, 0.13, 0.61)

Material	Refractive Index at $550 nm$	Thickness
Al	$0.96 - 6.69 j$	$100 nm$
NET5	1.76	$t_{NET 5}$
ETL	$1.75 - 0.0092 j$	$10 nm$
Blue emitter	1.80	$10 nm$
Interlayer	1.78	$5 nm$
Green emitter	1.78	$3 nm$
Red emitter	1.80	$10 nm$
HTL	$1.75 - 0.0092 j$	$10 nm$
NHT5	$1.75 - 0.0092 j$	$t_{NHT 5}$
ITO	$1.82 - 0.0113 j$	$90 nm$
Begin optional interference layers
${SiO}_{2}$	1.46	$t_{low}$
${Nb}_{2} O_{5}$	2.38	$t_{high}$
${SiO}_{2}$	1.46	$t_{low}$
End optional interference layers
Glass	1.52	$mm$
Air	1.0

Basic White OLEDs
$η_{int, b}, η_{int, g}, η_{int, r} = 1.0, 1.0, 1.0$ Fig. 6a	$t_{NET 5}$ , $t_{NHT 5} = 48 nm$ , $60 nm$ $η_{P} = 48 lm / W$
$η_{int, b}, η_{int, g}, η_{int, r} = 0.25, 1.0, 1.0$ Fig. 6b	$t_{NET 5}$ , $t_{NHT 5} = 45 nm$ , $30 nm$ $η_{P} = 32 lm / W$
Basic White OLEDs with Interference Layers
$η_{int, b}, η_{int, g}, η_{int, r} = 1.0, 1.0, 1.0$ Fig. 6c	$t_{low}$ , $t_{high} = 125 nm$ , $90 nm$ $η_{P} = 53 lm / W$
$η_{int, b}, η_{int, g}, η_{int, r} = 0.25, 1.0, 1.0$ Fig. 6d	$t_{low}$ , $t_{high} = 190 nm$ , $80 nm$ $η_{P} = 35 lm / W$

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Applied Optics