Abstract

The hybrid matrix operator, Monte Carlo (HMOMC) method previously reported [Appl. Opt.47, 1063-1071 (2008)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.47.001063] is improved by neglecting higher-order terms in the coupling of the matrix operators and by introducing a dual grid scheme. The computational efficiency for solving the vector radiative transfer equation in a full 3D coupled atmosphere-surface-ocean system is substantially improved, and, thus, large-scale simulations of the radiance distribution become feasible. The improved method is applied to the computation of the polarized radiance field under realistic surface waves simulated by the power spectral density method. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first time that the polarized radiance field under a dynamic ocean surface and the underwater image of an object above such an ocean surface have been reported.

© 2009 Optical Society of America

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History
Original Manuscript: February 25, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: April 30, 2009
Revised Manuscript: April 23, 2009
Published: June 1, 2009

References

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Author Affiliations

Peng-Wang Zhai

NASA Langley Research Center

Yu You, George W. Kattawar, Ping Yang

Texas A&M University

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