Abstract

The reflectance of a surface can be altered by controlling the concentration of dye ions in a region adjacent to an optically transparent and electrically conductive thin film. We present a method for nonmechanical light deflection achieved by altering the reflectance of a diffraction grating, an approach that creates new diffraction peaks that lie between those associated with the original grating spacing. We have demonstrated this effect by applying an electrical potential difference between interdigitated indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes and measuring the intensity of one of the new diffraction peaks. The measured diffraction peak intensities were found to reversibly deflect approximately 7% of the reflected light to previously nonexistent peaks. The diffraction grating was formed by patterning a thin film of planar, untreated ITO on a glass substrate using standard photolithography techniques. The size scale for this method of electrically controlled diffraction is limited only by the lithographic process; thus there is potential for the grating to deflect light to angles greater than those achievable using other methods. This approach could be used in applications such as telecommunications, where large deflection angles are required, or other applications where alternate beam-steering methods are cost prohibitive.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

Controlled frustration of total internal reflection by electrophoresis of pigment particles

Michele A. Mossman and Lorne A. Whitehead
Appl. Opt. 44(9) 1601-1609 (2005)

Electrical modulation of diffractive structures

Vincent H. Kwong, Michele A. Mossman, and Lorne A. Whitehead
Appl. Opt. 41(16) 3343-3347 (2002)

Polarization and far-field diffraction patterns of total internal reflection corner cubes

Thomas W. Murphy and Scott D. Goodrow
Appl. Opt. 52(2) 117-126 (2013)

Electrochemical threshold conditions during electro-optical switching of ionic electrophoretic optical devices

Richard T. F. Wong, Peter C. P. Hrudey, and Lorne A. Whitehead
Appl. Opt. 48(6) 1062-1072 (2009)

Reflection-type electrically controllable diffraction grating and its application to intracavity laser modulation

Heihachi Sato and Kohji Toda
Appl. Opt. 16(5) 1280-1288 (1977)