Study on effective cleaning of gold layer from fused silica mirrors using nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser

Ambar Choubey; Amol Singh; M. H. Modi; B. N. Upadhyaya; G. S. Lodha; S. M. Oak

doi:10.1364/AO.52.007540

Applied Optics
Vol. 52,
Issue 31,
pp. 7540-7548
(2013)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.007540

Study on effective cleaning of gold layer from fused silica mirrors using nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser

Ambar Choubey, Amol Singh, M. H. Modi, B. N. Upadhyaya, G. S. Lodha, and S. M. Oak

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Ambar Choubey, Amol Singh, M. H. Modi, B. N. Upadhyaya, G. S. Lodha, and S. M. Oak, "Study on effective cleaning of gold layer from fused silica mirrors using nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser," Appl. Opt. 52, 7540-7548 (2013)

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Abstract

A study on effective laser cleaning of gold layer deposited on fused silica substrates used in beamlines of synchrotron radiation (SR) sources using nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser has been carried out. The influence of pulse duration, beam incidence angle, spot overlapping, laser fluence, and number of passes on cleaning efficiency has been investigated. An approximately 48 nm thick gold layer from a mirror surface area of $\sim 48 {cm}^{2}$ has been cleaned in 3 min. Laser clean quality and efficiency has been analyzed using microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and angle-dependent reflectivity measurement techniques using SR beamline. Optimization of cleaning parameters resulted in a cleaning efficiency of $\sim 98 %$ . This study provides an alternate and low-cost solution for reuse of gold-coated, damaged mirrors.

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Pumping Method	Flash Lamp
Average output power	1–20 W
Pulse energy	1–10 mJ
Peak power	100 kW
Pulse duration	100 ns (FWHM)
Repetition rate	1–5 kHz
Linear scan speed	$280 mm / s$
Focus spot diameter	0.1–1.0 mm

Physical Property	Gold Layer	Fused Silica
Tm (°C)	1063	1730
Tv (°C)	2966	2230
$Cp (J / g ° C)$	0.13	0.07
$Lv (J / g)$	1550	50.2
$K (W / m ° C)$	318	1.38
$k ({cm}^{2} / s)$	1.50	$7 \times 10^{- 3}$
a (%)	30	3.5
$α (/ ° K^{- 1})$	$14.2 \times 10^{- 6}$	$0.55 \times 10^{- 6}$
$ρ (g / {cm}^{3})$	16.4	2.23

	Thickness	Roughness $σ_{rms}$ (Å)	Refractive Part of Refractive Index $δ$	Absorptive Part of Refractive Index $β$
Before laser cleaning
Gold film	48 nm	26	$6.74 \times 10^{- 2}$	$5.62 \times 10^{- 2}$
Substrate	4 mm	8	$1.89 \times 10^{- 2}$	$9.78 \times 10^{- 3}$
After laser cleaning
Gold film	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil
Substrate	4 mm	5	$1.89 \times 10^{- 2}$	$9.78 \times 10^{- 3}$

Pumping Method	Flash Lamp
Average output power	1–20 W
Pulse energy	1–10 mJ
Peak power	100 kW
Pulse duration	100 ns (FWHM)
Repetition rate	1–5 kHz
Linear scan speed	$280 mm / s$
Focus spot diameter	0.1–1.0 mm

Physical Property	Gold Layer	Fused Silica
Tm (°C)	1063	1730
Tv (°C)	2966	2230
$Cp (J / g ° C)$	0.13	0.07
$Lv (J / g)$	1550	50.2
$K (W / m ° C)$	318	1.38
$k ({cm}^{2} / s)$	1.50	$7 \times 10^{- 3}$
a (%)	30	3.5
$α (/ ° K^{- 1})$	$14.2 \times 10^{- 6}$	$0.55 \times 10^{- 6}$
$ρ (g / {cm}^{3})$	16.4	2.23

Abstract

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Tables (3)

Equations (6)

Applied Optics