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Spectral interdependence of remote-sensing reflectance and its implications on the design of ocean color satellite sensors

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Abstract

Using 901 remote-sensing reflectance spectra (Rrs(λ),sr1, λ from 400 to 700 nm with a 5 nm resolution), we evaluated the correlations of Rrs(λ) between neighboring spectral bands in order to characterize (1) the spectral interdependence of Rrs(λ) at different bands and (2) to what extent hyperspectral Rrs(λ) can be reconstructed from multiband measurements. The 901 Rrs spectra were measured over a wide variety of aquatic environments in which water color varied from oceanic blue to coastal green or brown, with chlorophyll-a concentrations ranging from 0.02 to >100mgm3, bottom depths from 1m to >1000m, and bottom substrates including sand, coral reef, and seagrass. The correlation coefficient of Rrs(λ) between neighboring bands at center wavelengths λk and λl, rΔλ(λk,λl), was evaluated systematically, with the spectral gap (Δλ=λlλk) changing between 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 nm, respectively. It was found that rΔλ decreased with increasing Δλ, but remained >0.97 for Δλ20nm for all spectral bands. Further, using 15 spectral bands between 400 and 710 nm, we reconstructed, via multivariant linear regression, hyperspectral Rrs(λ) (from 400 to 700 nm with a 5 nm resolution). The percentage difference between measured and reconstructed Rrs for each band in the 400–700 nm range was generally less than 1%, with a correlation coefficient close to 1.0. The mean absolute error between measured and reconstructed Rrs was about 0.00002sr1 for each band, which is significantly smaller than the Rrs uncertainties from all past and current ocean color satellite radiometric products. These results echo findings of earlier studies that Rrs measurements at 15 spectral bands in the visible domain can provide nearly identical spectral information as with hyperspectral (contiguous bands at 5 nm spectral resolution) measurements. Such results provide insights for data storage and handling of large volume hyperspectral data as well as for the design of future ocean color satellite sensors.

© 2014 Optical Society of America

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